1. Quiz Notes

2.   Popular sovereignty – belief that the people hold the final ruling power  Voter registration – state requirement to sign up to vote in advance of an election  Electoral college – people elected by state voters to choose the President  Polls – place where people go to vote  Eligible – qualified  Contract – formal agreement

3.   The purpose of government is to  1. establish justice  2. secure liberty  3. provide defense  The government receives the power to rule from the people.  The framers of the Constitution held that a contract exists between the people and the government.

4.   The people carry out their ruling power by electing representatives to make laws.  In 1789, the right to vote was limited to all white men over age 21 who owned property.  In the Constitution, the people grant the federal government its powers and put limits on those powers.

5.   Amendment 17 provides that the people shall elect members of the Senate.  Article 1, Section 2, provides that the people shall elect members of the House of Representatives.  Article 2, Section 1, provides that the people shall elect members of the electoral college to choose the President.  Amendment 19 grants women the right to vote.  Amendment 26 grants 18 year-olds the right to vote.

7.   Amendment – change or addition  Balanced budget – plan in which the government cannot spend more money than it takes in  Denied – not granted  National debt – money the federal government owes  Limited government – government that is not all- powerful  Bill of Rights – additions to the Constitution that guarantee individual freedoms

8.   The failures of the AOC showed that the new government had to be powerful  The Constitution limits the powers of government to those granted by the people.  The Constitution makes clear the powers of the government by stating the powers of Congress, President and the role of the judiciary.  After the Revolution, Americans feared a strong government.

9.   The Constitution spells out the powers denied to the national government and the state governments.  The framers were afraid of a strong government because of their experiences during colonial rule by Great Britain.

10.   Article 1, Section 8, Clause, gives Congress the power to coin money.  Article 1, Section 9, Clause 5, denies the federal government the power to spend money unless Congress passes a law allowing it.  Article 1, Section 10, Clause 1, denies state governments the power to coin money and to make treaties.  Articles 2, Section 2, Clause 1, gives the President the power to grant a pardon.  Amendment 1 guarantees that the people have the right to petition the government.

12.   Federalism – division of power between the national government and the state governments  Concurrent powers – powers shared by the national government and the state governments  Supreme – without limits; over all others  Delegated powers – powers assigned to the national government  “elastic clause” – provision that allows Congress to make laws that are necessary and proper to carry out its powers

13.   Reserved powers – powers set aside for the state governments  The framers chose federalism in order to achieve a stronger national government.  The powers of the national government include the powers of Congress and the President.  Powers delegated to Congress include the power to declare war.  Powers delegated to the President include the power to make treaties.

14.   Powers reserved to the states include the power to establish schools.  Powers shared by the national government and state governments include the power to regulate interstate and foreign trade.

15.   Article 1, Section 8, describes the delegated powers of the Congress.  Article 2, Section 2, describes the delegated powers of the President.  Amendment 10 states that powers no delegated to the national gov. and not denied to the states are reserved to the state government.  Article 1, Section 8 Clause 18, gives congress the power to make laws to exercise its other powers.

16.   Article 1, Section 10, Clauses 2 and 3, deny certain powers to the state government without consent of the congress.  The Constitution does not list the reserved powers of the state governments.