1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trichomoniasis, Syphilis, HIV Dr. Nicholas Viyuoh, MD Board Certified OB/GYN Lock Haven Hospital-Haven Health Care for Women Presentation contains graphic pictures of diseases

2. Chlamydia What is it? A vaginal infection of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis Mucopurulet cervix with inflammation, discharge, and ectopy (abnormal cells) due to infection with Chlamydia Image from The Practitioner’s Handbook for the Management of STDs Normal Cervix Image from the Practitioner’s Handbook for the Management of STDs

3. Chlamydia How is it transmitted? Oral, anal, vaginally, and during childbirth Chlamydia may be cultured from the throats of those who have had oral exposure from an infected individual Symptoms — usually present within 2 weeks of exposure Female: Vaginal discharge, burning with urination, painful intercourse, bleeding between menses Male: Penile discharge, burning with urination Chlamydial infection within the lymphatic system of an infected male www.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm

4. Chlamydia Rates of Chlamydia by Age Note: almost all cases of Chlamydia are college-aged MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED BACTERIAL STD! Clinton County Rates (2004) from the PA dept of Health 61 reported cases in 2004 in Clinton County 21,385 reported in PA in 2004, exclusive of Philadelphia Rate increasing 8.84%/year From the Center of Disease Control

5. Chlamydia Complications: Females: PID, infertility Males: epididymitis Prevention: Abstinence Limit sexual partners Condoms Treatment: Antibiotics Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Erythromycin The bacteria that causes Chlamydia: Chlamydia trachomatis microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chlamydia

6. Gonorrhea What is it? STD cause by bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae Very common STD Signs/Symptoms — usually present within 10 days of exposure Males: Burning with urination, yellow/green/white discharge from penis, swollen or tender testicles Females: often asymptomatic, painful urination, increased discharge Penile discharge in individual infected with Gonorrhea www.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm

7. Gonorrhea Complications Females: PID, infertility Males: epididymitis Treatment: Antibiotics, although we are now seeing more resistance to antibiotics Prevention: abstinence, limit number, condoms Cervical discharge in female infected with Gonorrhea http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms53 00/images/b2.jpg

8. Trichomoniasis What is it? STD caused by protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis Signs/Symptoms Females: frothy yellow- green discharge with a strong odor, pain with intercourse and urination, vaginal itching Males: irritation in penis, discharge “Strawberry Cervix” from T. vaginalis www.fpnotebook.com/ID211.htm

9. Trichomoniasis Complications More susceptibility to other STDs and HIV Prevention Abstinence Limit Sexual Partners Condoms Treatment Vaginal or oral medication: Flagyl T. vaginalis, protozoa that causes Trichomoniasis isolated from culture http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/not es/intes.html

10. Syphilis What is it? Bacterial STD caused by Treponema pallidum Transmission Have to have a sore to transmit, but sores may be hidden Transmitted vaginally, anally, orally www.wales.nhs.uk

11. Syphilis Signs/Symptoms May be asymptomatic for years Primary stage: painless ulcer (chancre) lasting 3-6 weeks Secondary stage: rash (not itchy), on palms of hands and soles of feet, swollen gland, weight loss, headaches. Tertiary stage: internal organ (brain, heart, eye, nerves) damage, End stage: paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia, death From the Practitioner’s Handbook of Management of STDs pathmicro.med.sc.edu

12. Syphilis Diagnosis: One of the 2 STDs that is diagnosed with a blood test (other is HIV) The test is called an RPR. Treatment: Antibiotics in the primary or secondary stages Prevention: Abstinence Condoms Limit Partners http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/_img/figuras_en/200604201 93906.jpg

13. HIV HIV: what is it? HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Having HIV does NOT mean you have AIDS http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/Chem101/hiv/HIV- 1.html

14. References http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/trends2005. htm http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/trends2005. htm http://www.cdc.gov/std/default.htm