1. Hazards Identification 2009 Ships in Service Training Material
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2. Hazards Identification
Assets
Identification
Vulnerabilities
Assessment
Hazards
Identification
Risk
assessment
People,
Reputation,
Object,
Activity,
System,…
of interest
Countermeasures
Risk management starts with the definition of potential countermeasures, the process by which an option is selected, the remedy implemented, and monitored on the site.
Verification
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3. Hazards Identification
A hazards identification considers the full spectrum of potential hazards :
- Natural
- Criminal,
- Accidental,
- Human error, etc.
for a given asset, location, activity or process.
Ships in Service Training Material
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4. can we find on board a Ship?
Types of Hazards
Exercise:
What types of hazards
can we find on board a Ship?
Hazards can be grouped into several types :
Physical hazards :  These include noise, radiation (ionising, electromagnetic or non-ionising), heat, cold, vibration and pressure.
Chemical hazards :  Through a variety of actions, chemicals can cause damage to health and property.  Some of these actions are explosiveness, flammability, corrosion, oxidation, poisoning, toxicity, carcinogenicity.
Biological hazards :  Mainly from infection or allergic reaction.  Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other organisms.  Some biological hazards, such as AIDS or Hepatitis B are potentially life threatening.
Ergonomic hazards :  These are hazards from poor work design, layout or activity.  Examples of ergonomic problems include manual handling, workplace layout and task design.
Psychological hazards :  Stress, violence at work, long working hours, lack of control in decision making about work can all contribute to poor work performance.
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5. Types of Hazards Ergonomic Biological Psychological Chemical Physical
Hazards can be grouped into several types :
Physical hazards :  These include noise, radiation (ionising, electromagnetic or non-ionising), heat, cold, vibration and pressure.
Chemical hazards :  Through a variety of actions, chemicals can cause damage to health and property.  Some of these actions are explosiveness, flammability, corrosion, oxidation, poisoning, toxicity, carcinogenicity.
Biological hazards :  Mainly from infection or allergic reaction.  Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other organisms.  Some biological hazards, such as AIDS or Hepatitis B are potentially life threatening.
Ergonomic hazards :  These are hazards from poor work design, layout or activity.  Examples of ergonomic problems include manual handling, workplace layout and task design.
Psychological hazards :  Stress, violence at work, long working hours, lack of control in decision making about work can all contribute to poor work performance.
Chemical
Physical
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6. Types of Hazards
Physical hazards :  Noise, radiation ( ionizing, electromagnetic
or non-ionizing ), heat, cold, vibration and pressure.
Chemical hazards : Can cause damage to health and property.
  Some of these actions are explosiveness, flammability,
corrosion, oxidation, poisoning, toxicity, carcinogenicity.
Biological hazards : Infection or allergic reaction. Include viruses,
bacteria, fungi, and other organisms. Some biological hazards,
such as AIDS or Hepatitis B are potentially life threatening.
Ergonomic hazards :  From poor work design, layout or activity.
( manual handling, workplace layout and task design.)
Psychological hazards :  Stress, violence at work, long working
hours, lack of control in decision making about work can
also contribute to poor work performance.
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7. Physical Hazards Radiation Noise Vibration Heat Cold Pressure
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8. Chemical Hazards Explosive Corrosive Flammable Oxidant Poison Toxic
Hazards can be grouped into several types :
Physical hazards :  These include noise, radiation (ionising, electromagnetic or non-ionising), heat, cold, vibration and pressure.
Chemical hazards :  Through a variety of actions, chemicals can cause damage to health and property.  Some of these actions are explosiveness, flammability, corrosion, oxidation, poisoning, toxicity, carcinogenicity.
Biological hazards :  Mainly from infection or allergic reaction.  Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other organisms.  Some biological hazards, such as AIDS or Hepatitis B are potentially life threatening.
Ergonomic hazards :  These are hazards from poor work design, layout or activity.  Examples of ergonomic problems include manual handling, workplace layout and task design.
Psychological hazards :  Stress, violence at work, long working hours, lack of control in decision making about work can all contribute to poor work performance.
Toxic
Carcinogenic
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9. Biological Hazards Virus Infection reaction Allergic reaction Bacteria
Fungi
Other organisms
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10. Ergonomic Hazards Task design Work activity Workplace layout
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11. Psychological Hazards
Stress
Violence
at work
Working
hours
Decision making
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12. In this exercise please quantify each hazard
Types of Hazards
Exercise:
In this exercise please quantify each hazard
on a scale from 0 to 10
Hazards can be grouped into several types :
Physical hazards :  These include noise, radiation (ionising, electromagnetic or non-ionising), heat, cold, vibration and pressure.
Chemical hazards :  Through a variety of actions, chemicals can cause damage to health and property.  Some of these actions are explosiveness, flammability, corrosion, oxidation, poisoning, toxicity, carcinogenicity.
Biological hazards :  Mainly from infection or allergic reaction.  Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other organisms.  Some biological hazards, such as AIDS or Hepatitis B are potentially life threatening.
Ergonomic hazards :  These are hazards from poor work design, layout or activity.  Examples of ergonomic problems include manual handling, workplace layout and task design.
Psychological hazards :  Stress, violence at work, long working hours, lack of control in decision making about work can all contribute to poor work performance.

13. Identify Hazard
Scale of Intensity
Score
No idea
0-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-10

14. Types of hazards Ergonomic Psychological Chemical STOP Physical
Biological

15. The assessment should examine supporting information to evaluate
Hazards Identification
The assessment should examine supporting information to evaluate
the likelihood
of occurrence for
each hazard.
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16. Hazard Identification
Human error
Engine failure
Hull damage
Heavy weather
Cargo shift
Poor visibility
Fuel leak
Equipment
failures
Power failure
Tsunami
Other…
Collision
Environmental pollution
Fire
Explosion
Grounding
Other
Dangerous good release
Flooding / Sinking / …
Consequences
Personnel accident
Major accident requiring evacuation
LOSS OF LIFE
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17. Hazards Identification
Example of
parameters
used in
risk assessment
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18. Poor management practices Poor vessel maintenance
Human
Poor decision making
Poor judgement
Lack of knowledge
Poor communication
Organisation
Poor management practices
Lack of ship specific
knowledge
Poor vessel maintenance
Vessel
Size, Age, Crew
Manoeuvrability
Pilotage requirements
Escorting requirements
Waterway
Location
Wind speed and direction
Tides, Currents, Visibility
Traffic separation
Example of
parameters
used in
risk assessment
Vessel reliability
Propulsion
Steering
Electrical power
Structural integrity
Port control
Traffic rules
Navigational equipment
Number of pilots, Tugs
Traffic monitoring equipment

19. Hazards Identification : How
- Structured review or brainstorming sessions
- Accident scenarios
- Direct causes
- Most probable outcomes in terms of loss
- Organisational / procedural failure
- Communication failure
- Equipment failure
- Environmental conditions
- Human error
- Navigation aids
Concerning
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20. Hazards Identification
Avalanche
Drought
Earthquake
Flood
Landslide
Severe local storm
Tsunami
Volcano
Wildly fire
Abandoned mine
Chemical
Civil disturbance
Dam failure
Hazardous materials
Local hazard
Pipeline
Radiological
Act of God
Transportation
Urban fire
Rural fire
A sample vulnerability matrix is shown. Scores are out 0 to 10. The sum of the scores across the rows indicates the best collective belief of that organization as to the key assets That are most susceptible to possible threats. The sum of the scores in the rows indicates the belief as to the most serious threats the organization faces.
The highest individual scores represent critical areas of vulnerability that should be addressed
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21. Hazards Identification
Chemical (fire,
explosion, poisons)
Picketing
demonstrations
Gravitational (falls,
falling objects, landslides)
Bomb
Pilferage and theft
Discrimination
Statutory
Non-compliance
Industrial espionage
Electrical
Pollution (oil spills, fires,
dangerous goods releases
Storm (wind, hail,
lightning, floods)
Assault
Spill
Contamination
Noise and vibration
Malicious damage
and contamination
Harassment
Defamation
Biochemical (including
personal injury)
Alcohol and drugs
A sample vulnerability matrix is shown. Scores are out 0 to 10. The sum of the scores across the rows indicates the best collective belief of that organization as to the key assets That are most susceptible to possible threats. The sum of the scores in the rows indicates the belief as to the most serious threats the organization faces.
The highest individual scores represent critical areas of vulnerability that should be addressed
Scandal involvement’s
(eg, frauds, political)
Suborning of staff for
fraud or convulsive theft
Extortion
Bomb threats
and hoaxes
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22. Hazards Identification
Collision
Seaman injury
Bomb threat
Grounding
Illness
Security breach
Spill
Outbreak disease
Piracy
Dangerous good
release
Death
Sabotage
Fire
Stowaway
Explosion
Engine failure
A sample vulnerability matrix is shown. Scores are out 0 to 10. The sum of the scores across the rows indicates the best collective belief of that organization as to the key assets That are most susceptible to possible threats. The sum of the scores in the rows indicates the belief as to the most serious threats the organization faces.
The highest individual scores represent critical areas of vulnerability that should be addressed
Ship damaged
Refrigerating failure
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23. Hazards Identification
A sample vulnerability matrix is shown. Scores are out 0 to 10. The sum of the scores across the rows indicates the best collective belief of that organization as to the key assets That are most susceptible to possible threats. The sum of the scores in the rows indicates the belief as to the most serious threats the organization faces.
The highest individual scores represent critical areas of vulnerability that should be addressed
Ships in Service Training Material
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24. Hazards Identification
Ex : Movements in port,… Collision,…
ENTRY
IN PORT
LEAVING
SHIP
TRAIN
TRUCK
BARGE
CAR
PEOPLE
- Worker
- Visitor
- Passenger
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25. What and Where to Obtain Information Hazards Identification
This is a generic matrix which could be used for establishing the relationships between an hazard and it impact (potential consequences) on a system analyze during an risk assessment.

26. Hazards Identification
After defining the scope of
the assessment, determine
who needs to be involved.
This is a key part of
the process.
A right mix of
people and experience is
necessary to get
the most out of
your assessment.
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27. Hazards Identification
Different experts will
identify different risks and
produce different results.
A group representing
all of the various concerned
parties will
provide the best basis
for your risk assessment.
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28. Hazards Identification
Understanding the processes and people involved
Stakeholders
Human Tasks
Navigational Zones
Ship Types
Environmental
Conditions
Ship Movement
Port Based
Functions
Ship Functions
Company memory
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29. Data 1- Stakeholders Understanding the processes and people involved.
- Harbour authorities
- Port controllers
- Pilots
- Coastguards
- Ship’s crew
- Towage
- Berthing crews
- Emergency services
- Regulators ( MSA / HSE )
- Class societies
- Environmental groups
- Other port users
- Owners
- Agents
- Oil companies
- Suppliers
- Insurance, P&I Club
- Residents
- Yacht clubs
- Local authorities
- Other amenity
interests
- Flag Authorities
- Media
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30. Data 2 - Navigational Zones
Understanding the processes and people involved.
- Approaches
- Port entrance
- Navigable channels
- Tanker berths
- Tanker swinging areas
- Others berths / terminals
- Anchorage
- Leisure areas
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31. Data 3 - Ship Types Understanding the processes and people involved.
- VLCC / crude tankers
- Gas carriers
- Product tankers
- Tugs
- Pilot vessels
- Rope boats
- Bunker barges
- Ferries
- General cargo
- Naval vessels
- Supply vessels
- Fishing vessels
- Pleasure craft
- Floating cranes
- Dredgers
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32. Data 4 - Ship Movement
Understanding the processes and people involved.
- Incoming
- Outgoing
- Movement between berths
- Swinging
- Incoming coincident with
outgoing
- Unidentified vessels
- Draught restrictions
- Speed restrictions
- Radar
- Navaids
- Pilot exemptions
- Uncontrolled vessels
- Anchoring /
weighing anchors
- Pilot boarding /
disembarking
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33. Data 5 - Environmental Conditions
Understanding the processes and people involved.
- Wind
- Sea state
- Tide / currents
- Radar clutter
- Visibility ( precipitation )
- Light / darkness
- Temperature
- Radio inference
- Draught restrictions
- Air draught restrictions
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34. Data 6 - Ship Functions
Understanding the processes and people involved.
- Propulsion
- Steering
- Control / manoeuvring
- Electrical
- Communications
- Navigation
- Anchoring
- Mooring
- Piping and pumping
- Safety / Security systems
- Cargo handling, loading, storage
- Life support
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35. Data 7 - Port Based Functions
Understanding the processes and people involved.
- Navigation markers / lights
- Dredging
- Pilotage
- Port control
- Cargo handling, loading, storage
- Berth structures
- Communications
- Emergency services
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36. Data 8 - Human Tasks Understanding the processes and people involved.
- Vessel scheduling
- Pre-entry planning and decision making
- Pilot rendezvous with vessel
- Tug rendezvous and attachment
- Navigation to berth
- Berthing and making fast
- Loading / unloading operations
- Port facilities maintenance
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37. Data 9 - Company memory Safety practices Reliable organisation
Return of
experience
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38. Data 9 - Company memory Safety practices Return of experience Reliable
organisation
Daily Attitude
Drills & Training
Working Conditions
Good Practices
Leadership - Recognition
Ship Detentions
Audit Reports
Non Conformity Reports
Accident/Incident Reports
Near-misses Reports
Corrective Action Reports
Cargo Claims
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39. Matrix for Hazards & Vulnerabilities Hazardous materials
Severe local storm
Abandoned mine
Civil disturbance
Transportation
Local hazard
Radiological
Earthquake
Dam failure
Avalanche
Landslide
Wildly fire
Chemical
Terrorism
Urban fire
Drought
Tsunami
Volcano
Pipeline
Rural fire
Flood
Matrix for
Hazards &
Vulnerabilities
Acid rain
Acid cloud
Communication loss
Contamination - air
Contamination - ground
Contamination - water
Evacuation
Fire urban
Fire wild land
Flood urban
Flood rural
Fuel supply
Hostage
Failure bridges
Failures buildings
Failures road
Land slide
Medical emergency
Mud / rock flow
Riot / looting
Sabotage
Strikes
Transportation - air
Transportation - marine
Transportation - rail
Transportation - road
Utilities electric
Utilities natural gas
Utilities sewer
Utilities telephone
Utilities water
This is a generic matrix which could be used for establishing the relationships between an hazard and it impact (potential consequences) on a system analyze during an risk assessment.

40. Hazards Identification
A sample vulnerability matrix is shown. Scores are out 0 to 10. The sum of the scores across the rows indicates the best collective belief of that organization as to the key assets That are most susceptible to possible threats. The sum of the scores in the rows indicates the belief as to the most serious threats the organization faces.
The highest individual scores represent critical areas of vulnerability that should be addressed
Ships in Service Training Material
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41. Hazards Identification (FSA)
Shipboard Hazards to personnel
Hazards
Hazards
Hazards
Asbestos inhalation
Burns from caustic
liquids & acids
Electric shock &
Electrocution
Falling overboard
Pilot ladder &
Pilot hoist operation
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42. Hazards Identification (FSA)
Hazardous substances on board ship
Hazards
Hazards
Hazards
Accommodation
areas :
Deck areas :
Machinery spaces :
Combustible furnishings
Cargo
Cabling
Cleaning materials
in stores
Paint, oils, greases etc,…
In deck stores
Fuel/diesel oil for engines,
boilers & incinerators
Oil / Fat in gallery
equipment
Refrigerants
Thermal heating fluid
systems
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43. Hazards Identification (FSA)
Potential sources of ignition
Hazards
Hazards
Hazards
General :
Accommodation
areas :
Deck areas :
Electric arc
Electronic navigation
equipment
Deck lighting
Friction
Laundry facilities :
Funnel exhaust
emissions
Hot surface
- Irons,
Hot work sparking
Incendiary spark
- Washing machines
Machinery spaces :
Naked flame
- Tumble driers
Air compressor units
Radio waves
- Other
Generator engine
exhaust manifold
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44. Hazards Identification (FSA)
Hazards external to the ship
Hazards
Hazards
Hazards
Storms
Lightning
Uncharted submerged
objects
Other ships
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45. Hazards Identification (FSA)
A sample vulnerability matrix is shown. Scores are out 0 to 10. The sum of the scores across the rows indicates the best collective belief of that organization as to the key assets That are most susceptible to possible threats. The sum of the scores in the rows indicates the belief as to the most serious threats the organization faces.
The highest individual scores represent critical areas of vulnerability that should be addressed
Ships in Service Training Material
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46. ? Hazards Identification (IMO) Contact (1%) Grounding Stranding (21%)
Foundered (44%) ?
Adverse
weather
High speed
Technical
circumstances
Stress
Social hierarchy on board
Speed
Practices
Fatigue
Poor
planning
Ships
loss
Management deficiencies
Training
Reduction
of crew
Defective equipment
Design
Blind eyes to procedures
Lack of attention
Communication failures
Careless overconfidence
Error of judgement
Excessive speed
Fire Explosion (16%)
Collision (12%)
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47. Hazards Identification
Mishap in the Straits of Malacca
Type of Casualty
Number
% Share
Fire/Explosion
Foundered/Wrecked/Stranded
Sprang leak/Engine Trouble
Collision
Other 81
153
123
101 17 32 26 21 4
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48. ? Mishap in the Straits of Malacca Collision (21%)
Engine trouble (26%)
Foundered
(32%) ?
Ships
loss
Fire Explosion (17%)
Other (4%)
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