1. Introduction to Biology
Spring 2015

2. Essential Question
What are the traits that make something alive?

3. Biology Bio-: life -logy: study of Biology: study of living thing
Living things are called organisms.

4. Living things are called organisms.
There are 21 organisms in the graphic.
Can you find them?

5. There are 21 organisms in the graphic.
Can you find them?

6. Spirogyra
Paramecium
Amoeba
Bacteria
Volvox

7. Living things are called organisms.
Arrange them in 5 groups.
Name each group.

8. 5 Kingdoms of Life Animals Plants Fungi Protists Eubacteria
Archaea Bacteria

9. Traits of Life

10. What are some traits that ALL living things share?
All species reproduce.
All living things grow and develop.
All living things obtain and use energy.
All living things are made up of one or more cells.
All living things respond to stimuli.
All living things maintain an internal balance.

11. What are some traits that ALL living things share
What are some traits that ALL living things share? GO BACK AND COMPARE THE ORIGINAL LIST TO THE 6 TRAITS WE JUST LEARNED. Which were the same? Different? Why?

12. Trait #1 All species reproduce
Trait #1 All species reproduce. (Doesn’t have to be every single organism in that species)

13. True or False? Reproduction requires two organisms.

14. FALSE!

15. ONE bacteria can split into two!

16. A hydra “buds” to make another.

17. And if you cut a starfish in half it will regenerate into TWO starfish!

18. These are examples of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION.
Asexual Reproduction: one parent creates a new organism with identical genetic information (NO sperm or egg)
A-: not
-sexual: involving two parents
Budding
Binary Fission

19. True or False? Sexual reproduction requires sexual intercourse.

20. FALSE!

21. This is a sea urchin…

22. Sea urchins release sperm and egg into the water.

23. Sexual Reproduction: two parents create a new organism by combining their genetic material (usually via sperm and egg)

24. With sexual reproduction, offspring will differ from their parents in some ways because they will be inheriting DNA from both the sperm and egg.
With asexual reproduction offspring will inherit the same exact traits as their parents.

25. Trait #2 All living things grow and develop.

26. Growth is getting larger as cells divide to form more cells.

27. Development is change in form or function.
Embryonic Stem Cells

28. Development

29. Trait #3 All living things get energy and use energy.

30. The _____ is the primary source of energy for almost everything on Earth.

31. How does each of these organisms GET energy?

32. And how do they USE energy?

33. Autotroph: An organism that uses light or chemicals to make its own food (PHOTOSYNTHESIS).

34. Heterotroph: An organism that eats other organisms to obtain energy.
Energy from food must be broken down during chemical reactions into a form that cells can use (CELLULAR RESPIRATION).

35. Trait #4 All living things are made of one or more cells.

36. Just like a house is made of bricks…

37. Organisms are made of cells…

38. Unicellular Organisms
Unicellular: single-celled organism
Uni-: one
-cellular: made up of cells
Ex.: bacteria and protists
bacteria
protists

39. Multicellular Organisms
Multicellular: organism made up of 2 or more cells
Multi-: many, several
Ex.: plants, animals, fungi
plants
animals
fungi

40. Unicellular or Multicellular?B

41. Trait #5 All living things respond to stimuli.

42. Response to Stimuli
A stimulus is anything that causes a response in an organism.
Stimuli can be internal or external.
Ex: A pupil gets smaller in bright light.
What is the stimulus?
What is the response?
How is this helpful?

43. A Venus fly-trap closes when a fly lands on it.
What is the stimulus?
What is the response?
How does this help it?

44. Trait #6 All living things maintain internal balance (HOMEOSTASIS) (of things like water, sugar, temperature).

45. Homeostasis
If body temperature drops too low, shivering produces heat to warm you up.
If temperature is too hot, sweating cools you down.

46. What internal condition is out of balance in these photos?
What is the stimulus?
How will the body respond?
not enough
too much

47. The chart shows four levels organisms
The chart shows four levels organisms. Which statement correctly describes a level of organization in the human nervous system?
Nerve cells group to form nerve tissue.
The brain is a group of nervous systems.
The organs of the nervous system form a nerve cell.
The nervous system has two groups of nerve tissues.

48. Because no organism lives forever, __________ is necessary in order to prevent extinction of a species.
Development
Growth
Homeostasis
reproduction

49. Which characteristic is shared by all eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?
Ability to store hereditary information
Use of organelles to control cell processes
Use of cellular respiration for energy release
Ability to move in response to environmental stimuli

50. Levels of organization

51. Levels of Organization
Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Organism
smallest
All of the organelles function inside the cell just like organs function within our bodies.
largest

52. Atoms
In atoms, the outer shell of electrons, also called valence electrons, likes to be full with 8 electrons, oxygen only has 6

53. Molecules
Two types of atoms can combine together to forms a molecule so that every atom has a full valance of electrons.

54. Organelles
Organelles make up cells and all have a very specific function.

55. Cells Cells: the building blocks of life
Ex: An individual neuron is a type of cell that is differentiated for a specific function in the brain.

56. Tissues
Tissues: Several of the same types of cells working together to create tissue
Tissues (nerve tissue)

57. Organs
Groups of tissues form organs.
Organ (brain)

58. Organ Systems
Organs that work together to perform a similar function are called an organ system.
Ex: The digestive system allows us to break down food into smaller parts that our body can use.

59. Organisms
Organism: an individual living thing

60. Levels of Organization
Organisms are grouped even further into the following categories:
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere
smallest
largest

61. Populations
Population: a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time.

62. Community
Community: all of the populations of different species in the same place at the same time.

63. Ecosystem
Ecosystem: living organisms that interact with each other and the abiotic factors in a given area
Biotic: living things.
Ex: plants and animals
Abiotic: non-living things.
Ex: temperature, climate, soil, rocks.

64. Biosphere
Biosphere: the life-supporting portion of Earth.

65. Which of these would form first during the development of a complex multicellular organism, such as an animal?
Cell
Organ
Tissue
Organ system

66. The picture shows a group of muscle cells in the heart
The picture shows a group of muscle cells in the heart. All of these muscle cells beat in unison to push blood in timing with the rhythm of the heart, at the direction of nearby nerve cells.
These muscle cells could best be called a
Organ
Tissue
Macromolecule
Organ system

67. Based on the organization of living things, how could we classify the pollen produced by this flower?
An organ that is part of a system
A group of cells that form an organ
Begins as a cell and is part of a system without organs
Begins as a cell, come from an organ, is part of a system