1. Classifying Living Things

2. The Six Kingdoms Let us name the six kingdoms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

3. The Six Kingdoms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What six characteristics do all of these organisms have in common? They all have DNA. They are all made of cells. They all reproduce. They all grow and develop They all use energy. They all sense and respond to change.

4. The Six Kingdoms If all living things have certain characteristics in common, how do they differ?

5. Archaebacteria Cellular Structure: Reproduction: - Single cell - Cell has no nucleus = Prokaryote - Some have a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, but not all -Most reproduce by cell division known as binary fission- the division of a cell into 2 equal halves (asexual).

6. Environment- -Most Archaebacteria live in one of three places, swamps, extremely salty environments or extremely hot environments. Decompose waste Produce nitrogen Energy- Archaebacteria get energy by consuming other organisms or by producing their own food through photosynthesis.

7. The Six Kingdoms Eubacteria Cellular Structure: Reproduction: - Single cell - Cell has no nucleus = Prokaryote - Most have a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, which determines the shape of the bacterium. - Most are shaped like a rod (bacilli), sphere (cocci) or spiral (spirilla) - Most reproduce by cell division known as binary fission (asexual)

8. Environmental Role: The Six Kingdoms Eubacteria Energy: -Eubacteria get energy by consuming other organisms or by producing their own food through photosynthesis. - Some Eubacteria process nitrogen so plants can use it. - Decomposers help to break down dead or decaying organisms. - Escherichia coli in your intestines aid in digestion and provide you with Vitamin K and Vitamin B-complex.

9. Protista Cellular Structure: - Some are single celled and some are multi-celled - Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote The Six Kingdoms Reproduction: - Some protists reproduce asexually through binary fission. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. - Some protists reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction involves two parents. Conjugation in a Paramecium Fission in Euglena

10. Energy: - Protists are classified by how they obtain energy - Protists that obtain energy through decomposition are fungus-like protists. - Protists that obtain energy by consuming other organisms are animal-like protists. - Protists that obtain energy by converting the sun’s energy into sugar through photosynthesis are plant-like protists (producers). Protista The Six Kingdoms

11. Environmental Role  Produce oxygen  Energy source in both land and ocean food chains

12. The Six Kingdoms Fungi Cellular Structure: Reproduction: -Most fungi are multi-celled -Yeast are single celled - Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote - Some fungi can reproduce asexually while other fungi reproduce sexually

13. Energy: The Six Kingdoms Fungi - All fungi are consumers. - Most fungi are decomposers. - Some fungi live in a symbiotic relationship with other organisms. For example, lichen is a combination of a fungus and an algae living together.

14. The Six Kingdoms Environmental Role  Decompose waste  Produce antibiotics  Help make bread ( yeast)  Used in fermentation process

15. The Six Kingdoms Plants Cellular Structure: - Plants are multi-cellular. - Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote - Cell has a cell wall. This helps give plants strength. Reproduction: - Many plants have chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and give them a green color. - At some point in their life, plants produce sexually.

16. Energy: - Plants produce their own food from the sun’s energy through the process of photosynthesis. The Six Kingdoms Plants Environmental Role: -Plants take in CO 2 from the atmosphere and release O 2 into the air. Other organisms need O 2 for cellular respiration. -Important part of the food chain

17. The Six Kingdoms Animals Cellular Structure: Reproduction: - Animals are multi-cellular. - Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote - Animal cells do not have a cell wall. - Animal cells are surrounded by a cell membrane only. - Animals usually reproduce through sexual reproduction. - Animals develop in an embryo.

18. Energy: - All animals are consumers The Six Kingdoms Animals - All animals move during some portion of their life. Most animals have the ability to move during their entire life.

19. The Six Kingdoms Environmental Role All animals are consumers Most of the known species are insects