2. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-1 Pharmacology Drug – chemical compound used to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease Pharmacology – study of drugs Pharmachologist – specialist in pharmacology Pharmacognosy

3. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-2 Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacotherapeutics Toxicology

4. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-3 Pharmacology (cont.) A physician prescribes a drug Administer a drug by any route that introduces it into the patient body A healthcare professional dispenses a drug

5. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-4 Sources of Drugs (Pharmacognosy) Natural products –Plants –Animals –Minerals –Bacteria and fungi Chemical development –Synthesis of chemical makeup of a drug –Manipulation of genetic information Foxglove – source of digitoxin

6. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-5 Pharmacodynamics Mechanism of action of a drug to produce a therapeutic effect Drugs are categorized based on mechanism of action Interaction between drug and their target cells and the body’s response to the interaction

7. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-6 Pharmacokinetics What the body does to a drug –Absorption ~ conversion of a drug into a form the body can use –Distribution ~ transportation of a drug from site of administration to site of action

8. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-7 Pharmacokinetics (cont.) –Metabolism Drug molecules are transformed into metabolites Affected by age, genetic makeup, and characteristics of drug –Excretion Manner in which a drug is eliminated from the body Most via urine

9. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-8 Pharmacotherapeutics Indication and labeling –Indication Reason for using a drug Must be approved by FDA to be part of labeling –Labeling ~ includes drug form –Off-label prescribing

10. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-9 Pharmacotherapeutics (cont.) Safety –Determined by adverse effects of a drug –Be alert to patient complaints after starting a new drug Efficacy – drug is working as expected

11. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-10 Pharmacotherapeutics (cont.) Kinds of therapy –Acute –Empiric –Maintenance –Palliative –Prophylactic –Replacement –Supportive –Supplemental

12. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-11 Toxicology Study of poisonous effects of drugs –Adverse effects –Drug interactions Patient education –Inform physician of any adverse effects –Discuss concerns with physician or pharmacist

13. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 51-12 Apply Your Knowledge Matching: ___ Study of poisons ___ Study of what the body does to drugs ___ Used to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease ___ Study of what drugs do to the body ___ Study of how drugs are used to treat disease ___ Study of characteristics of natural drug and their sources ANSWER: F E D C B A A.Pharmacokinetics B.Pharmacognosy C.Toxicology D.Pharmacotherapeutics E.Pharmacodynamics F.Drugs