1. Six Kingdoms

2. Vocabulary
Lesson 15

3. kingdom
1. the highest level of organization

4. species
2. a group of similar organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring; the lowest level of classification

5. prokaryote
3. a unicellular organism whose cell does not contain a nucleus

6. eukaryotes
4. a living thing whose cells contain a nucleus

7. autotroph
5. an organism that is able to make their own food

8. heterotroph
6. an organism that gets its food by eating other organisms

9. scientific name 7. the name given to an organism based
on the genus to which it belongs and its species name

10. plants
11. all are multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic

11. bacteria
12. unicellular, prokaryotic

12. Eubacteria unicellular, prokaryotic
the larger of the two kingdoms (meaning there are more of this type)

13. Archaebacteria unicellular, prokaryotic
Often found in extreme conditions

14. animals
13. all are multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic

15. fungi
14. most are multicellular, one kind is unicellular, all are eukaryotic, and heterotrophic

16. protists
15. divided into 3 groups: plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like

17. Three things that all living things need:
1 food
2 water
3 a place to live

18. What characteristics determine how to classify an organism into a kingdom?

19. How many cells they are made up of
If those cells have a nucleus
How they get their nutrition

20. The five characteristics of living things are that they:
1 Are made of cells
2 Respond to stimuli
3 Use energy
4 Reproduce
5 Grow & develop

22. How do you know which animals are more closely related to others on a classification tree?
The closer the branches are, the more alike the organisms are.
The closer to the bottom they are, the longer they have been on Earth.
The higher they are, the more complex they are.

23. Genus and species names
Where does the scientific name of a creature come from?

24. What saying can help you remember the order of the levels in a classification chart?
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti

25. How do you write the scientific name for an organism?
The genus name comes first and is always capitalized
The species name comes second and always starts with a lower case letter
If typed, use italics; if handwritten, underline it
Felis domesticus Felis domesticus
Canis familiaris Canis familiaris

26. virus
a parasite that often causes disease and that consists essentially of an inner core of RNA or DNA surrounded by an outer protein coat;
they are unable to reproduce without a host cell;
not considered living organisms

27. What are some diseases caused by viruses?
HIV / AIDS
Chicken Pox
Common Cold
Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)
Ebola
Hepatitis
Flu (Influenza)
Measles
Meningitis
Mononucleosis
Norwalk Virus
Rabies
Rotavirus
West Nile
Small Pox

28. vaccine
What is a possible treatment for a virus?

29. What conditions do bacteria like most?
Most bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment.

30. Where can bacteria be found?
everywhere

31. binary fission the process of one organism dividing into two organisms
The one main chromosome makes a copy of itself. Then it divides into two.

32. endospore
a thick walled, protective structure that forms inside a bacterial cell when conditions are unfavorable for survival (like a force field)

33. What are 3 ways to control bacteria in food?
1) Canning
2) Pasteurization
3) Dehydration

34. What are some diseases caused by bacteria?
Food poisoning (Salmonella or E. coli)
Lyme disease
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
strep throat

35. What is a possible treatment for a bacterial infection?
vaccine
Antibiotics

36. antiseptics chemicals that kill bacteria on living things
OK to be on your body
i.e.: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash

37. disinfectants
stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things
not OK to be on your body
i.e.: Lysol, bleach

38. Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
Spiral
Rod-shaped
Round

39. Archaebacteria
Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?
Do they have a nucleus?
Are they able to make their own food or must they take in food?
Where are they found?

40. Archaebacteria
Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular? unicellular
Do they have a nucleus? prokaryote
Are they able to make their own food or must they take in food? autotrophic/heterotrophic
Where are they found? They are often found in extreme conditions, such as hot springs.

41. Eubacteria Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?
Do they have a nucleus?
Are they able to make their own food or must they take in food?
Which is the larger kingdom of bacteria?

42. Eubacteria Eubacteria are unicellular organisms. They are prokaryotes.
Some of them are able to make their own food, while some of them must take in food-- autotrophic/heterotrophic
This is the larger of the two bacteria kingdoms.

43. Protists Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?
Do they have a nucleus?
Are they able to make their own food or must they take in food?
Into what groups are they divided?

44. Protists
Some protists are single-celled organisms and some are made of many cells.
All protists have a nucleus. eukaryotes
Some of them are able to make their own food, while some of them must take in food.
They are divided into three groups-plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like.

45. Fungi Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?
Do they have a nucleus?
Are they able to make their own food or must they take in food?
How do they help the Earth?

46. Fungi Most fungi are made of many cells.
All fungi have a nucleus. eukaryotes
All fungi must take in food.
Fungi are important sources of food and medicines.
They help recycle Earth’s wastes.
The only unicellular fungi are yeast.

47. Plants Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?
Do they have a nucleus?
Are they able to make their own food or must they take in food?
Name one important thing plants provide.

48. Plants All plants are made of many cells. multicellular
All plants have a nucleus. eukaryotes
All plants make their own food. autotrophs
Plants produce food and oxygen, which are required by most organisms on Earth.

49. Animals Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?
Do they have a nucleus?
Are they able to make their own food or must they take in food?
What do they provide humans with?

50. Animals All animals are multicellular.
All animals have a nucleus. eukaryote
All animals must take in food. heterotrophs
Animals provide food and companionship in your daily lives.

52. Vocabulary
Lesson 16

53. classification
8. grouping organisms or objects based on similarities and differences between them

54. taxonomy
9. the branch of science that deals naming organisms and classifying them into groups

55. dichotomous key
10. a tool to classify organisms by choosing their characteristics from a series of paired statements

56. binomial nomenclature
a naming system where every organism
is given a two-part name (scientific name)

57. Dichotomous Keys
The identification of biological organisms can be greatly simplified using tools such as dichotomous keys.
A dichotomous key is an organized set of couplets (paired statements) of characteristics of organisms.

58. Dichotomous Keys
You simply compare the characteristics of an unknown organism against an appropriate dichotomous key.
These keys will begin with general characteristics and lead to couplets (paired statements) indicating progressively specific characteristics. If the organism falls into one category, you go to the next indicated couplet.
By following the key and making the correct choices, you should be able to identify your specimen to the indicated taxonomic level. 

59. Dichotomous Keys 2 1 2 3 5 4

60. Dichotomous Keys 1a.Bean is round Garbanzo bean
1b.Bean is elliptical or oblong Go to 2   
2a.Bean is white White northern
2b.Bean has dark pigments Go to 3   
3a.Bean is evenly pigmented Go to 4
3b.Bean pigmentation is mottled Pinto bean  
   
4a.Bean is black Black bean
4b.Bean is reddish-brown Kidney bean