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Protista and Fungi 1 Continued…… Heba Al-Tamimi
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EukaryaProtistaEuglenozoaAlveolataAmoebozoaStramenopila Phylum Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Phylum Phaeophyta (brown alage) Chlorophyta (Green algae) VolvoxSpirogyraFungiPlantAnimal 2
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Have hairy flagellum We will study 2 phyla Phylum Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae) 3
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4 diatomaceous earth
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Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae) Plant-like organism called seaweeds and kelps Have chl a & c and large amount of pigment (fucoxanthin) 5
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e.x : Fucus MaleantheridiaFemaleoogonia
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As a higher plant, it has chl a &b and other pigments We will study 2 examples : Volvox Spirogyra 7
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Complex green algae consist of cells aggregated in colonies Asexual: forming daughter colonies(gonidia) Sexual: forming oogonia and antheridia. 8 Daughter colony
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Spirogyra are filamentous algae having spiral chloroplasts Sexual: conjugation asexual :fragmentation 9 conjugation
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Fungi are NOT plants Lack true roots, stems or leaves Nonphotosynthetic Most are multicellular, except unicellular yeast Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food first & then absorb it into their bodies) 11
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Cell walls are made of chitin (complex polysaccharide) Grow as microscopic tubes or filaments called hyphae 12
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The bodies of multicellular fungi are composed of many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass called a mycelium. 13
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Fungi may be classified based on hyphae segmentation Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa) Septate (with septa) 14 NO CROSS WALLS CROSS WALLS
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Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually. We must know two terms: Plasmogamy Karyogamy 15
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hyphae 2 mating types (+ and -) FUSE( plasmogamy ) hyphae from 2 mating types (+ and -) FUSE( plasmogamy ) Hours, days, or(in some fungi )even centuries may pass between plasmogamy and the next stage in the sexual cycle,karyogamy. 16 + -
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Fragmentation Fragmentation – part of the mycelium becomes separated & begins a life of its own Budding Budding – a small cell forms from mother cell Used by yeasts Asexual spores – production of spores by a single mycelium 17
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Types of Fruiting Bodies: Basidia Sporangia Ascus 18 Basidia Sporangia
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Classification & Phylogeny zygosporangia asci basidia 19
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20 EukaryoteProtistaFungiZygomycotaRhizopusAscomycota Morchella Peziza Penicillium Basidiomycota Mushroom Puccina graminis PlantAnimal
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zygospore zygosporangium Characterized by production of thick – walled spore called zygospore which develops within zygosporangium
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Sexual conjugation hyphae fuse Sexual spores are produced by conjugation when (+) hyphae and (-) hyphae fuse ZYGOSPORES Sexual spores are called ZYGOSPORES
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24 Zygosporangium (sexual) Sporangium (Asexual)
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Sac fungi Called Sac fungi Have 2 form : Unicellular as yeast (Saccharomyces) produced asexually by budding Multicellular as Penicillium
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27 PezzizaMorchella Ascus ascospores Ascus - sac that contains ascospores in sexual reproduction
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budding Yeasts reproduce asexually by budding (buds break off to make more yeast cells) By means of spores(conidia) produced by conidiophores CONIDIA Saccharomyces Penicillium
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Called Club fungi Basidiocarp cap Basidia Basidiocarp (fruiting body) is a flattened cap with gills having Basidia Basidiospores Basidiospores are found on basidia
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34 GO TO WORK… GO TO WORK…
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