2. Cells Basic unit of structure of living things Basic unit of structure of living things Use energy Use energy Grow & develop Grow & develop Reproduce Reproduce Use raw materials Use raw materials Respond to their environment Respond to their environment Give off wastes Give off wastes

3. History In 1665 Robert Hook discovered cells (dead) using a primitive microscope. In 1665 Robert Hook discovered cells (dead) using a primitive microscope. 1675 Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw living cells in pond water 1675 Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw living cells in pond water Matthias Schleiden (plants) and Theodore Schwann (animals) observed plant and animal cells concluding that all living things are made of cells. Matthias Schleiden (plants) and Theodore Schwann (animals) observed plant and animal cells concluding that all living things are made of cells. Rudolf Virchow hypothesized that all cells come from other cells. Rudolf Virchow hypothesized that all cells come from other cells.

4. Cell Theory 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of living things. 3. All cells come from other living cells.

5. Cell Types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic - Simple - Complex - No Nucleus - Nucleus - Bacteria - Plant, animal fungi, protist

6. WHAT CELLS NEED NUTRIENTSOURCE WHY IT’S NEEDED ProteinsFish, Cheese, Beans Main building block of the cell so is essential for growth & repair Carbohydrates Grains, Vegetables, and Fruits ENERGY – (simple sugars are broken down & energy is released ) Lipids (fats)Butter, oils, margarine Energy – (same as carbohydrates) but has twice as much energy as an equal amount of simple sugar (takes longer to convert). Nucleic AcidsAll foodsDNA & RNA

7. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION Cell Membrane Surrounds the cell. Protects, allows/controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

8. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION Nucleus Control center of the cell. Genetic material – DNA chromosomes ( as chromatin) are found in the nucleus.

9. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION Cytoplasm Jelly-like material which holds all the organelles between the cell membrane and the nucleus

10. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION CELL WALL GIVES SUPPORT, PROTECTION AND SHAPE TO PLANT CELLS AND MANY single-celled organisms. Contains cellulose.

11. ChloroplastGreen structure present in all plant cells that make food. Contains chlorophyll which is the green pigment that allows the cell to trap the energy of sunlight to create glucose (food) by photosynthesis.

12. Mitochondrion Powerhouse of the cell. Sausage shaped with accordion folded membrane inside. Site of respiration. Breaks down food molecules to make energy (ATP) as needed. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION

13. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION NUCLEAR MEMBRANE SURROUNDS & PROTECTS THE NUCLEUS. Allows movement of some substances into and out of the nucleus.

14. Ribosome Found along the edges of the membrane in ER and free in the cytoplasm. They hook together amino acids to make proteins for export to the Golgi bodies PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION

15. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum is the transport system of the cell and is made of folded membrane. The RER is where Protein is assembled for export to the Golgi bodies. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum The SER is chiefly involved with the production of lipids (fats), and the detoxification of drugs and poisons. The brain, muscles, and liver have a more extensive SER than other cells do.

16. VACUOLESROUND, MOSTLY CLEAR STORAGE STRUCTURE. Stores water, waste and food as dissolved minerals PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION

17. Chromosomes Thread-like strands of DNA found in the nucleus. Determines the traits of the cell. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION

18. Lysosomes Organelle which digest waste, worn out cell parts, foreign invaders and food molecules. Quickly breaks down a cell when it dies. Thin membrane protects a healthy cell from the digestive acids. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION

19. GOLGI BODIES (or complex) PROTEINS ARE PROCESSED AND PACKAGED here for export when needed outside the cell. PICTUREORGANELLEFUNCTION