1. Introduction to Botany Botany Unit 1 Chapter 1 Sycamore Tree Camouflage bark turns white

2. What is Botany? Botany – the scientific study of plants – AKA “plant biology” Botanists study: – Origin – Diversity – Structure – Internal process of plants – Relationships with other organisms – Relationships with nonliving physical environment

3. Types of Botanists Bryologists – study mosses Agronomists – study field crops and soils Horticulturists – study ornamental plants, fruits, and vegetable crops Forester – study forest conservation and forest products Economic Botanists – study plants with commercial importance

4. Plants provide Oils and lubricants Perfumes and fragrances Dyes Paper Lumber Waxes Fibers Rubber and other elastics Resins Poisons Cork Medicines Foods & Spices Only 330,000 different species of plants known – Only 5,000 evaluated for potential usefulness

5. Spices & Herbs Spices – the barks, roots, seeds, or fruits of plants from tropical regions – Uses: Ginger to treat diabetes Cinnamon oil – to treat toothaches Herbs – the leaves of plants from temperate regions

6. Taxol One of the most effective drugs against cancer Obtained from the bark of the pacific yew

7. 7 Characteristics of Living Things 1.Complex organization (made up of 1+ cells) 2.Metabolism - Take in and use energy 3.Responsiveness - respond to environmental stimuli 4.Growth 5.Reproduce (sexually or asexually) 6.Contain Genetic Information - Deoxyribonucleic Acid – DNA is the molecule that transmits genetic information from one generation to the next 7.Evolve – change as a population/adapt to survive in changing environments Do plants do all of these things?

8. 12 Levels of Organization 1.Atoms –the smallest particle of an element that possesses the properties of that element 2.Molecule – 2 or more atoms 3.Macromolecule – ex. Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids 4.Organelle – “little organs” of cells 5.Cell – basic functional and structural unit of life 6.Tissue – associations of cells that perform specific functions See page 9

9. 12 Levels of Organization 7.Organ –functional units that perform specific roles 8.Organism – distinct living entities 9.Population- a group of the same species that live in the same area at the same time 10.Community – all the populations of different organisms that live and interact within an area 11.Ecosystem – a community together with its non-living environment 12.Biosphere – Earth’s collective ecosystems & their relationships with Earth’s physical environment

11. Taxonomic Categories Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Dumb Kids Prefer Candy Over Fresh Green Salad

12. Taxonomical Organization Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaea Domain Eubacteria Kingdom Bacteria Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista

13. Major Phyla of the Plant Kingdom Phylum Anthophyta (Angiosperms) Phylum Confiferophyta (Conifers) Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgos) Phylum Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes) Phylum Cycadophyta (Cycads) Phylum Pterophyta (Ferns) Phylum Lycopodiophyta (Club Mosses/Quillworts) Phylum Bryophyta (Mosses)

14. The Scientific Method Communicate Results Support or Refute Analyze Experiment Research Hypothesis Ask a Question/Make an Observation

15. An experiment must have a control Variables – factors that are changed – Examples: Time Color Size Temperature Controls – Factors that are the same for both experiments

16. Controlled vs. Uncontrolled Experiments Controlled experiment –(preferred) – Has only 1 variable  Main experiment – conditions are altered in one way  Controlled experiment - an experiment that is identical to the main experiment in all respects except that conditions are not altered Uncontrolled experiment – Has more than 1 variable