1. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
STANDARD(S): Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
Explain how the abundance of natural resources, new recovery and refining methods, and new uses for them led to intensive industrialization.
Identify inventions that changed the way people lived and worked.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
Commitment
Attitude
CARES
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

3. The Expansion of Industry
Section 1
The Expansion of Industry
At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fuel an industrial boom.
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4. The Expansion of Industry1
SECTION
The Expansion of Industry
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
The Growth of Industry
• By 1920s, U.S. is world’s leading industrial power, due to:
- wealth of natural resources
- government support for business
- growing urban population
Continued . . .
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5. SECTION 1: A New Industrial Age
Natural resources and new ideas create a boom for industry and railroads. Government addresses corruption in business, and laborers organize for better working conditions.

6. THE EXPANSION OF INDUSTRY
At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fuel an industrial boom.
After the Civil War (1865) the U.S. was still largely agriculture
By 1920, the U.S. was the leading industrial power in the world
This enormous growth was due to three factors;
1) Natural Resources
2) Governmental support
3) Urbanization

7. Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
The Growth of Industry
• By 1920s, U.S. is world’s leading industrial power, due to:
- wealth of natural resources
- government support for business
- growing urban population

8. After the Civil War, the United States was still a mostly rural nation.
By the 1920’s it had become a leading industrial nation of the world.
This immense change was caused by three major factors.

9. Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources
1. Which resources played crucial roles in industrialization?
Crude oil;
iron ore;
coal

10. The Expansion of Industry1
SECTION
The Expansion of Industry
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
Black Gold
Pre-European arrival, Native Americans make fuel, medicine from oil
1859, Edwin L. Drake successfully uses steam engine to drill for oil
Petroleum-refining industry first makes kerosene, then gasoline
Continued . . .
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11. Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
BLACK GOLD
Pre-European arrival, Native Americans make fuel, medicine from oil
1859, Edwin L. Drake successfully uses steam engine to drill for oil
Petroleum-refining industry first makes kerosene, then gasoline

12. Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
In 1859, Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil
This breakthrough started an oil boom in the Midwest and later Texas
At first the process was limited to transforming the oil into kerosene and throwing out the gasoline -- a by-product of the process
Later, the gasoline was used for cars

13. Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources
2. How did Edwin L. Drake help industry to acquire larger quantities of oil?
Used a steam engine to extract oil from beneath the earth's surface

14. Bessemer Steel Process1
SECTION
continued Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
Bessemer Steel Process
Abundant deposits of coal, iron spur industry
Bessemer process puts air into iron to remove carbon to make steel
Later open-hearth process makes steel from scrap or raw materials
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15. Bessemer Steel Process BESSEMER CONVERTOR CIRCA 1880
Abundant deposits of coal, iron spur industry
Bessemer process puts air into iron to remove carbon to make steel
Later open-hearth process makes steel from scrap or raw materials
BESSEMER CONVERTOR CIRCA 1880

16. Oil was not the only valuable natural resource
Coal and iron were plentiful within the U.S.
When you removed the carbon from iron, the result was a lighter, more flexible and rust resistant compound – Steel
The Bessemer process did just did (Henry Bessemer & William Kelly)

17. Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources
3. How did the Bessemer process allow better use of iron ore?
Was a cheap, efficient method for turning iron ore into steel

18. 1
SECTION
continued Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
New Uses for Steel
Steel used in railroads, barbed wire, farm machines
Changes construction: Brooklyn Bridge; steel-framed skyscrapers
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19. STEEL New Uses for Steel Steel used in railroads, barbed wire,
farm machines
Changes construction:
Brooklyn Bridge;
steel-framed skyscrapers

20. NEW USES FOR STEEL
The railroads, with thousands of miles of track, were the biggest customers for steel
Other uses emerged: bridge construction (Brooklyn Bridge- 1883),and the first skyscrapers
BROOKLYN BRIDGE
SPANS 1595 FEET IN NYC

21. American skyscraper
William Le Baron Jenney was an American architect and engineer who is known for building the first skyscraper in 1884 and became known as the Father of the American skyscraper.

22. Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources
4. What new uses for steel were developed at this time?
Railroads;
barbed wire;
farm machines;
bridge
and skyscraper construction

23. CH6:1
A – What natural resources were most important for industrialization?
Oil, coal, iron ore, water.
Why are these resources important?
Spurred growth in various industries.

24. Inventions Promote Change1
SECTION
Inventions Promote Change
An Age of Inventions
Numerous new inventions change the landscape, life, work
Continued . . .
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25. An Age of Inventions: List all of the technological inventions of between 1826 to 1903.
Photograph
Reaper
Telegraph
Sewing machine
Internal combustion Engine
Dynamite
Typewriter
Electric Motor
Electric Motor
Telephone
Phonograph
Light bulb
Radio
Motion pictures
X-ray
Airplane

26. Inventions Promote Change1
SECTION
Inventions Promote Change
The Power of Electricity
1876, Thomas Alva Edison establishes first research laboratory
- 1880, patents incandescent light bulb
- creates system for electrical production, distribution
Electricity changes business; by 1890, runs numerous machines
Becomes available in homes; encourages invention of appliances
Allows manufacturers to locate plants anyplace; industry grows
Continued . . .
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27. Thomas Alva Edison the wizard of Menlo park
Set up a research laboratory;
Perfected the incandescent light bulb;
Created a system for producing and distributing electrical power;
Built power plants.

28. THE POWER OF ELECTRICITY
1876, Thomas Alva Edison establishes first research laboratory
- 1880, patents incandescent light bulb
- creates system for electrical production, distribution
Electricity changes business; by 1890, runs numerous machines
Becomes available in homes; encourages invention of appliances
Allows manufacturers to locate plants anyplace; industry grows

29. THE POWER OF ELECTRICITY
1876- Thomas Alva Edison established the world’s first research lab in New Jersey
Edison was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name
The DC supply system provided electricity supplies to street lamps and several private dwellings within a short distance of the station.
On January 19, 1883, the first standardized incandescent electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey.

30. CH6:1 B – How did electricity change American life?
It changed the nature of business,
made possible the invention of new appliances,
and helped cities and industries to grow.

31. Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
5. How did Thomas Alva Edison contribute to this development?
Set up a research laboratory;
perfected the incandescent light-bulb;
created a system for producing and distributing electrical power;
built power plants

32. An Age of Inventions: List all of the technological inventions of between 1826 to 1903.
Photograph
Reaper
Telegraph
Sewing machine
Internal combustion Engine
Dynamite
Typewriter
Electric Motor
Electric Motor
Telephone
Phonograph
Light bulb
Radio
Motion pictures
X-ray
Airplane

33. Internal combustion engine

34. George Westinghouse, Jr
An American entrepreneur and engineer who invented the railway air brake and was a pioneer of the electrical industry. Westinghouse was one of Thomas Edison's main rivals in the early implementation of the American electricity system. Westinghouse's system ultimately prevailed over Edison's insistence on direct current.
GW develop the alternating current system.

35. Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
6. How did George Westinghouse contribute to it?
Made electricity safer and less expensive

36. Inventions Change Lifestyles1
SECTION
continued Inventions Promote Change
Inventions Change Lifestyles
• Christopher Sholes invents typewriter in 1867
• 1876, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Watson introduce telephone
• Office work changes; by 1910, women are 40% of clerical workers
• Inventions impact factory work, lead to industrialization
- clothing factories hire many women
• Industrialization makes jobs easier; improves standard of living
- by 1890, average workweek 10 hours shorter
- as consumers, workers regain power in market
• Some laborers think mechanization reduces value of human worker
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37. Christopher Sholes: Invented the typewriter
His invention forever affected office work and paperwork
It also opened many new jobs for women
1870: Women made up less than 5% of workforce
1910: They made up 40%

38. Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
7. How did Christopher Sholes contribute?
Invented the typewriter

39. Alexander Graham Bell Invented the telephone.
Unveiled invention in 1876

40. Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
8. How did Alexander Graham Bell contribute?
Invented the telephone

42. Factor 3: Expanding Urban Population
Provided markets for new inventions and industrial goods
Provided a ready supply of labor for industry