1. Proteins and Amino Acids: Function Follows Form
BIOL 103, Chapter 7-2

2. Today’s Topics Proteins in the Diet
The Pros and Cons of Vegetarian Eating
The Health Effects of Eating Too Little or Too Much Protein

3. Proteins in the Diet Recommended protein intake
Adult RDA = _________________________
__________ have highest needs relative to body weight
Why? ___________________________________
Physical stress ___________ your body’s needs for proteins
Infection, burns, fevers, surgery, intensive weight training
Consumption in the US
Generally within or higher than recommended range

4. Problem Set 7, Question 1:
How is it that our bodies are able to synthesize so many proteins in our body when our dietary protein requirement is relatively low?

5. Protein Quality Protein Quality
Complete proteins: supply _____ essential amino acids
________________________
Examples: animal proteins, soy proteins
Incomplete proteins: _______________ essential amino acids
Examples: most plant proteins

6. Protein Quality Incomplete and Complementary Proteins
Except soy, proteins in other plant foods is incomplete (lacks 1 or more essential AA).
_________ incomplete complementary proteins = ___________________
Examples: rice and beans, peanut butter and bread, pea soup with crackers, corn and tortilla.

7. Evaluating Protein Quality
A high-quality protein:
Provides ______________________ at amounts the body needs
Provides __________________________ ________________________for making non-essential amino acids
Easy to ____________
Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCASS): measure of protein quality that takes account the AA composition of the food and the digestibility of the protein.

8. Proteins and Amino Acids as Additives and Supplements
Protein and AA additives
Contribute to
Protein and AA supplements
Used for a variety of reasons: dieters, athletes, certain diseases.
Risks are unknown

9. Vegetarian vs. Vegan Vegetarian Vegan ___________________ Don’t Eat:
Types:
Ovo-vegetarian:
Lacto-vegetarian:
Products: Don’t mind using animal-derived products.
______________________
Don’t Eat:
Products: Avoids using ______________________ ________ including clothing, cosmetics, household, foods.
For this section, just know this!

10. Pros and Cons of Vegetarian Eating Problem Set 7, Question 4
Health Benefits
Health Risks
Less ___________________
More magnesium, folate
More _________________
More _________________ ______________________
Reduces risk for heart disease, hypertension, and cancer.
Vegans may be low in: calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B12
Higher intake of _________
More restrictive food choices = _______________

11. The Pros and Cons of Vegetarian Eating
Diet recommendations (pg. 258):
Choose a variety of foods
Choose whole, unrefined foods
Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables
Choose lower-fat dairy products and eggs in moderation
Consume a regular source of vitamins B12 and D
Fortified foods or supplements

12. The Health Effects of Too Little Protein
Dietary protein = essential amino acids
Protein deficiency: ______________________ ________________________
________________________________
Kwashiorkor: _______________________
Symptoms: _____________, poor growth, bloated belly
Affects those between age of months old
Associated with extreme poverty

13. The Health Effects of Too Little Protein
PEM, cont.
Marasmus: _____________________________
Chronic PEM; “withering”
Affects Infants and 6-18 months old children
Usually the children are _____________ for their age
How to treat?
Nutritional rehabilitation
Gradual and careful refeeding
Must start with fluid and electrolyte balance, then introduce nutrients

14. The Health Effects of Too Much Proteins

15. The Health Effects of Too Much Proteins
Strains kidney function
Too much protein overwhelms kidneys, which need to excrete products of protein breakdown
Obesity
Too much protein, becomes fat.
May alter ________________  ______________ ______________________

16. The Health Effects of Too Much Proteins
Heart disease
If you eat too much ________________  increased saturated fat and cholesterol intake
Cancer
Increased risk for certain types of cancer if you eat red meat
Example: animal protein/pork/beef and colon cancer

17. Problem Set 7, Q5
Name two health effects related to consuming a very high protein diet.