1. Transport in animals 3 week old larval anchovy
Why we need a transport system?
3 week old larval anchovy
How big can you be and still meet O2 demand of tissue simply by diffusion?
The larval anchovy (average body radius = 0.6 mm) can meet all of its metabolic demand by uptake of O2 by diffusion. The respiratory and circulatory systems will take over to supply O2 to the tissues.
Any animal larger than 1 mm cannot rely on diffusion alone.

2. Gases diffuse far more readily through gas than aqueous solutions
Radius (distance to the geometric body center) increases proportionally to body size.
Again, any animal with a body (made of water) radius > 1 mm cannot obtain (or release) gases simply by diffusion, so you need a circulatory system and a medium in that system, i.e. blood.
Length = 2
Radius = 0.5
Length = 4
Radius = 1

3. Why have blood? Transport of nutrients Transport of cells
from digestive tract to tissues, to and from storage organs
Transport of metabolites
(e.g., lactic acid from muscle to liver)
Transport of excretory products
from tissues to excretory organs
Transport of gases
respiratory organs to/from tissues
Transport of hormones
Transport of cells
including cells of nonrespiratory
function (e.g., leukocytes in verts,
numerous cell types in inverts)
Transport of heat
Transmission of force
e.g., locomotion (earthworms,
spiders), erection of penis
Coagulation

4. Open vs Closed Circulation
Closed circulatory system: is
found in all vertebrates and
some inverts (e.g., cephalopods).
Blood remains in vessels;
capillaries allow close contact
between blood and tissues
Arterial system: high pressure,
takes blood away from heart
Low volume (5-10% of body mass)
“Open” circulatory system: is
characteristic of many inverts.
Blood (hemolymph) empties
into hemocoel and bathes
tissues and organs directly
Low pressure, high volume
(up to 40% of body mass)
Animal typically has hard shell
or exoskeleton. Insects have an open circulatory system, but do not use it for oxygen transport.

5. Needed for a constant supply of: Oxygen Nutrients
Mass flow transport
Needed for a constant supply of:
Oxygen
Nutrients
Also needed to get rid of waste products such as:
Carbon

6. Blood Vessels - routes blood travels
3 Major Parts of the Circulatory system
Blood Vessels - routes blood travels
Heart – pumps or pushes blood through body
Blood – carries important “ *stuff ” through body

7. head, neck and arms superior vena cava pulmonary vein lungs
pulmonary artery
aorta
right
atrium
ventricle
left
atrium
ventricle
inferior vena cava
hepatic artery
hepatic vein
liver
hepatic portal vein
mesenteric artery
gut
renal vein
renal artery
kidneys
body and legs

8. The Heart
The heart is mainly made of cardiac muscle, each muscle cell is joined to the next by an intercalary disc.
These cells are ‘myogenic’, this means they can contract and relax of their own accord throughout a human life

9. superior vena cava
aorta
right pulmonary artery
left pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
pulmonary veins
right atrium
left atrium
bicuspid valve
tricuspid valve
left ventricle
right ventricle
septum
inferior vena cava
semi-lunar valves

12. Your Blood is made of

13. Plasma Plasma- water, ions, proteins Plasma proteins
albumin- provides osmotic pressure
globulins-
alpha and beta- transport
gamma- antibodies (produced by
lymphocytes; other proteins by liver)
fibrinogen- clotting
Plasma volume regulated by hormones like ADH

14. Formed Cells Erythrocytes- (red blood cells) no nuclei or mitochondria
circulate for about 120 days
280 million hemoglobin molecules per cell
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
granular and agranular
granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
agranular: lymphocytes, monocytes
capable of amoeboid movement
Platelets- involved in clotting

16. The Cardiac Cycle
ATRIAL SYSTOLE - Heart

17. END OF PRESENTATION!