1. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

2. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

3. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Essential questions
What are the structures of blood?
What are the structures of the circulatory system?
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

4. Structures of the circulatory system
Blood
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

5. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Blood
Hemat- = blood
-ology = the study of
The average adult has
8 – 10 pints.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

6. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Blood
One drop of blood contains:
5 million RBCs
250, ,000 platelets
7,500 WBCs
Red blood cells live 120 days.
Make new blood cells 2 million per second!
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

7. Structures of the blood
Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

8. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Plasma
Straw-colored liquid
55% of the blood’s volume
Water
Plasma proteins
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes
Waste products
Plasma
Cellular elements
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

9. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Centrifuged Blood
*When a blood sample is
centrifuged (spun down) the
blood components will
separate, making it easy to
identify the plasma and
erythrocytes.
Plasma
Erythrocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

10. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Erythrocytes
*(Red Blood Cell)
*Biconcave disk
*Contains hemoglobin-carries oxygen to the tissue and carries carbon dioxide away; gives RBC’s their red color.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

11. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Larger than erythrocytes
*Ameboid in shape
Five types
*Granular or agranular
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12. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Leukocytes
Agranulocytes
(non-granular)
Lymphocytes-protect
against formation of
cancer cells.
Monocytes-assist in
phagocytosis (surround,
engulf and digest
bacteria).
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

13. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils-phagocytosis
Eosinophils-phagocytosis, and also increase during allergic reactions.
Basophils-activated during allergic reactions, inflammatory processes.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

14. Thrombocytes (platelets)
*Smallest of solid components of blood
Made in red marrow
*Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes
*Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process
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15. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Life span
of blood cells...
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

16. Blood types Inherited from parents
What are the types of blood?
Inherited from parents
Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

17. Check your knowledge of medical history...
In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types.
Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

18. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Blood types
Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies
Someone with *type B antigen has A antibodies
Someone with *type AB antigen has no antibodies
Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies
Universal Donor = O
Universal recipient= AB
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

19. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Rh factor
Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen).
Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type.
Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

20. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Rh factor
In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys.
When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

21. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Rh factor
If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive.
If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative.
Did you know???
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

22. Structures of the circulatory system
Heart
Did you know your heart
is the size of your fist?
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

23. Heart Can you identify the structures of the heart? The heart is a
double pump.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

24. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Heart
Check your knowledge...
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary vein
Right atrium
Left atrium
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Septum
Apex
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

25. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
STRUCTURES OF THE HEART: ~15. SEPTUM-thick, muscular wall that separates the right half and left half of the heart. ~APEX-the tip of the heart, lies on the diaphragm and points to the left of the body; (the best place to listen to the heartbeat).
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26. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
14. Oxygenated Blood:
High in oxygen
7.Deoxygenated Blood:
Poor in oxygen
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

27. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
1.A. SUPERIOR VENA CAVA- large (vein)ous vessel that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the UPPER body to the right atrium. 1.B. INFERIOR VENA CAVA- large (vein)ous vessel that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the LOWER body to the right atrium.
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28. takes DEOXYGENATED blood away from the right ventricle
6. PULMONARY ARTERY-
takes DEOXYGENATED blood
away from the right ventricle
to the lungs for oxygen.
8. PULMONARY VEINS-
carries OXYGENATED blood
from the lungs to the
left atrium.
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29. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
2. *Right ATRIUM/9. Left ATRIUM- UPPER chambers of the heart. *4.Right VENTRICLE/11.Left VENTRICLE- LOWER chambers of the heart.
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30. VALVES- allow blood to flow in one direction ONLY
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31. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
*3. TRICUSPID VALVE-located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. *10. BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE-located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
5. PULMONARY VALVE- between right ventricle & pulmonary artery
12. AORTIC VALVE- between the left ventricle & Aorta
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32. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
13. AORTA-takes OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the left ventricle to rest of the body; largest artery in body.
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33. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Heart
Check your knowledge...
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary vein
Right atrium
Left atrium
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Septum
Apex
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34. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Layers of the heart
Left atrium
Right atrium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

35. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Layers of the heart: ~Pericardium-outside covering. ~Myocardium-cardiac muscle; makes up major portion of the heart. ~Endocardium-inner lining of the heart; covers valves and lines vessels.
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36. Conduction system of heart beats
Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

37. Conduction system of heart beats
Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat.
Sinoatrial (SA) node-”pacemaker” of
the heart; sends an electrical impulse
that begins and regulates the heartbeat;
causes the atria to contract.
Atrioventricular (AV) node-located
between the atria and ventricle.
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38. Conduction system of heart beats
*Purkinje fibers-located in the ventricles
and cause the ventricles to contract.
Cardiac cycle-one complete heartbeat;
each cycle takes 0.8 seconds.
Average heart rate:
72-80 beats per
minute
Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat.
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39. Structures of the circulatory system
ARTERIES
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

40. Vessels of the circulatory system
ARTERIES
*Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries
*Elastic, strong, muscular and thick-walled to transport blood under very high pressure
Arteries > arterioles > capillaries
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

41. Vessels of the circulatory system
Arteries
Arterial blood
Oxygen rich
Bright red, spurts
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

42. Structures of the circulatory system
VEINS
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

43. Vessels of the circulatory system
VEINS
*Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart
Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries
Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood
Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart
Veins > Venules > Capillaries
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

44. Vessels of the circulatory system
Veins
Venous blood
Oxygen poor
Dark crimson, oozes
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45. Vessels of the circulatory system
Identify the major arteries.
Identify the major veins.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

46. Structures of the circulatory system
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels
*Connect arterioles to venules where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the cells
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

47. Structures of the circulatory system
Trace the flow of blood through the body
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

48. Flow of blood through the body
Oxygenated blood to the Left Side
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
*Systemic
Circulation (providing entire body with nutrients)
Deoxygenated blood to the Right side:
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

49. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Pulse sites
Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it.
Radial
Temporal
Brachial
Ulnar
Facial
Carotid
Popliteal
Femoral
tibialis
dorsalis pedis
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

50. Common pulse sites Practice locating pulse sites...
Dorsalis-top of foot
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system