2. 11 The Cardiovascular System
Lesson 11.1: Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.2: Regulation of the Heart Lesson 11.3: Blood Vessels and Circulation Lesson 11.4: Heart Disease

3. Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System
Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
Lesson 11.1
Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System

4. Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System
the heart: location and size
the four chambers of the heart
the heart valves
blood flow through the heart
walls of the heart
cardiac cycle
cardiac output

5. The Heart: Location and Size
thoracic cavity
above diaphragm
between lungs
size of a clenched fist
weighs 8–12 ounces

6. The Heart: Location and Size

7. The Four Chambers of the Heart
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

8. The Heart Valves atrioventricular (AV) valves semilunar valves
tricuspid
bicuspid (mitral)
semilunar valves
pulmonary
aortic

9. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: tricuspid, thoracic cavity, ventricle, aortic.
1. atrioventricular valve
2. semilunar valve
3. location of heart
4. heart chamber

10. Blood Flow through the Heart
(1) deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the inferior and superior vena cavae to right atrium
(2) right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle
(3) right ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the pulmonary valve, to the pulmonary artery
(4) blood exits to the lungs

11. Blood Flow through the Heart (continued)
(5) oxygenated blood from lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
(6) left atrium contracts, forcing blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle
(7) left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic valve
(8) blood passes to the aorta
(9) blood travels out to parts of the body

12. Blood Flow through the Heart

13. Walls of the Heart epicardium myocardium endocardium outermost layer
middle layer
endocardium
inner layer

14. Cardiac Cycle diastole systole mean arterial pressure
ventricle relax, atria contract
systole
ventricles contract, atria relax
mean arterial pressure
overall pressure within cardiovascular system

15. Cardiac Output
amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute measured in liters/minute
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped in 1 beat
heart rate
number of beats per minute

16. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. The ventricles contract in diastole.
2. Stroke volume is measured in beats/minute.
3. The epicardium is the inner heart layer.
4. Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium.
5. The aortic valve is in the left ventricle.

17. Regulation of the Heart
Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
Lesson 11.2
Regulation of the Heart

18. Regulation of the Heart
internal control of the heart
external control
the conduction system

19. Internal Control of the Heart
sinoatrial node
pacemaker
sends electrical impulse
tells heart to beat 60–100 bpm

20. External Control of the Heart
the cardiac center
sympathetic nerve system speeds up
parasympathetic nerve system slows down
the endocrine system
some hormones speed up

21. The Conduction System SA node AV node bundle of His
bundle branches–right and left
Purkinje fibers

22. Electrocardiogram ECG or EKG electrical activity of the heart
depolarize–contract
repolarize–relax

23. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: parasympathetic, EKG, SA node, sympathetic.
1. speed up
2. slow down
3. pacemaker
4. electrical activity of the heart

24. Cardiac Arrhythmias normal contractility condition
sinus rhythm
abnormal contractility condition
arrhythmia
ventricle or atria contraction is not normal

25. Cardiac Arrhythmias bradycardia tachycardia
slow heart beat
tachycardia
fast heart beat
premature atrial contraction (PACs)
atria contracts before SA node

26. Cardiac Arrhythmias atrial fibrillation
atria contract faster than 350 bpm
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
ventricles contract too soon
ventricular tachycardia (VT)
ventricles, rather than SA node, cause beat

27. Cardiac Arrhythmias ventricular fibrillation (VF) heart block
ventricles contract faster than 350 bpm
heart block
impulse from SA node to AV node
first–impulse delayed
second–intermittently blocked
third–completely blocked

28. Defibrillators and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias
automatic external defibrillator (AED)
electric shock
stops heart
allows heart to start normal rhythm
anyone can use one

29. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Bradycardia, or Defibrillator.
1. _______________ is fast heart beat.
2. _______________ is slow heart beat.
3. _______________ is atria beating more than 350 bpm.
4. A(n) _______________ stops the heart so it can reset.

30. Blood Vessels and Circulation
Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
Lesson 11.3
Blood Vessels and Circulation

31. Blood Vessels and Circulation
blood vessels: the transport network
circulation: moving blood around the body
taking vital signs
know your numbers

32. Blood Vessels: The Transport Network
structure and function of vessels

33. The Three Layers of Blood Vessels
tunica intima
innermost layer
tunica media
middle layer
tunica externa
outermost layer

34. Differences between Arteries and Veins

35. Capillaries exchange vessels capillary bed precapillary sphincters
gas moves between tissue and blood
capillary bed
network of exchange vessels
precapillary sphincters
close off capillary bed as needed

36. Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body
cardiopulmonary circulation
between heart and lungs
systemic circulation
between heart and body

37. Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body

38. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. Systemic circulation moves blood to lungs.
2. Capillaries are exchange vessels.
3. The tunica intima is the innermost layer.
4. Arteries move blood away from the heart.
5. Veins move blood toward the heart.

39. Cardiac Circulation
coronary arteries
left
right
coronary sinus

40. Hepatic Portal Circulation
maintains proper levels in the blood
carbohydrate
fat
protein

41. Arteries

42. Veins

43. Fetal Circulation placenta vena cava right atrium foramen ovale
right ventricle
ductus arteriosus

44. Taking Vital Signs taking your pulse measuring blood pressure
find radial, carotid or brachial artery
count beats for 15 seconds, multiply by 4
measuring blood pressure
stethoscope, sphygmomanometer
systolic/diastolic pressure
Joseph Dilag/Shutterstock.com, Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com

45. Know Your Numbers weight blood pressure cholesterol
body mass index–weight to height
blood pressure
systolic/diastolic–110/70 mmHg
cholesterol
LDLs and HDLs

46. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: foramen ovule, cholesterol, pulse, blood pressure.
1. systolic/diastolic
2. fetal circulation
3. LDLs and HDLs
4. carotid artery

47. Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
Lesson 11.4
Heart Disease

48. Heart Disease valve abnormalities diseases ending in -itis
heart failure
diseases of the arteries

49. Heart Disease heart attack hypertension peripheral vascular disease
stroke

50. Valve Abnormalities heart murmurs valvular stenosis
valves do not close properly
valvular stenosis
narrowed, stiff heart valve
mitral valve prolapse
mitral valve does not fully close
palpitations

51. Diseases Ending in -itis
pericarditis
inflammation of heart sac
myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle
endocarditis
inflammation of heart lining and valves

52. Heart Failure heart cannot pump blood fluid backs up in lungs liver
limbs
gastrointestinal tract

53. Diseases of the Arteries
aneurysms
weakened artery bulges, may break
coronary artery disease
atherosclerosis
angina pectoris
ischemia

54. Heart Attack myocardial infarction treatment
plaque blocks a cardiac artery
treatment
aspirin as soon as symptoms appear
20–60 minute window for treatment

55. Heart Attack

56. Heart Disease hypertension peripheral vascular disease stroke
blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg
peripheral vascular disease
lack of circulation in legs
stroke
blockage of brain blood flow
ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
transient ischemic attack (TIA)

57. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Hypertension is 120/80 mmHg.
2. Aspirin helps in a heart attack.
3. An aneurysm is a weakened artery.
4. Myocarditis affects the heart wall.
5. In a heart murmur the valves do not close properly.