1. Hazardous Occupations Safety Training In Agriculture National Safe Tractor and Machinery Operation Program

2. Why is Tractor and Machinery Safety Important To You? Reduces accidents, injuries, and fatalities Reduces accidents, injuries, and fatalities Protects family, friends, and the community Protects family, friends, and the community Increases work efficiency Increases work efficiency Shows a sense of responsibility and dedication Shows a sense of responsibility and dedication Allows for proper maintenance/servicing Allows for proper maintenance/servicing

3. Introduction To Agricultural Safety A farm is defined as producing at least $1,000. annually A farm is defined as producing at least $1,000. annually Farming takes place in every state and varies by terrain Farming takes place in every state and varies by terrain Most farms are operated using family labor with not age restrictions Most farms are operated using family labor with not age restrictions Farming/agriculture is one of the most hazardous occupations Farming/agriculture is one of the most hazardous occupations

4. Factors That Influence Risk and Injury On A Farm Young vs. Senior workers Young vs. Senior workers Work hours/length of work day Work hours/length of work day Labor demands Labor demands Equipment operation Equipment operation Animal interaction Animal interaction Daycare availability Daycare availability

5. Agricultural Accidents

6. Hazardous Occupations Order In Agriculture Aimed toward employment of youth younger than 16 years old Aimed toward employment of youth younger than 16 years old Law does not apply to youth working on family farms Law does not apply to youth working on family farms Employed youth of age 14 or 15 are prohibited from certain tasks (See 1.2.1) Employed youth of age 14 or 15 are prohibited from certain tasks (See 1.2.1) Youths younger than age 14 may not be employed to operate tractors and machinery Youths younger than age 14 may not be employed to operate tractors and machinery

7. Hazardous Occupations Order In Agriculture cont’d. Youth employed of age 14 and 15 may not operate tractors over 20 PTO H.P. OR connect/disconnect any implements UNLESS they successfully pass a safety training course Youth employed of age 14 and 15 may not operate tractors over 20 PTO H.P. OR connect/disconnect any implements UNLESS they successfully pass a safety training course Employers insurance liability risks may increase Employers insurance liability risks may increase Employers can be fined ($10,000. 1 st offense) Employers can be fined ($10,000. 1 st offense)

8. PA Vehicle Code Highway = a road open to public including shoulders and berms Highway = a road open to public including shoulders and berms Implement of Husbandry = a machine used exclusively for agricultural operations and only infrequently operated or moved on highways Implement of Husbandry = a machine used exclusively for agricultural operations and only infrequently operated or moved on highways 14 or 15 year olds may only operate farm tractors on roads that bisect or adjoin their place of residence 14 or 15 year olds may only operate farm tractors on roads that bisect or adjoin their place of residence You are responsible for an accident if you wave traffic around you You are responsible for an accident if you wave traffic around you

9. Safety Basics: Injuries Involving Youth Currently in the U.S. approx. 100 youth younger than 20 are killed each year in a farm work related accident Currently in the U.S. approx. 100 youth younger than 20 are killed each year in a farm work related accident Approx. 36% of these fatalities involve machinery Approx. 36% of these fatalities involve machinery 1/3 of these fatalities occur to youths of age 15-19 1/3 of these fatalities occur to youths of age 15-19

10. Reaction Time Reaction Time = the time it takes for a person to react to an event or emergency Reaction Time = the time it takes for a person to react to an event or emergency There are many factors that effect reaction time (See 2.3 page 2) There are many factors that effect reaction time (See 2.3 page 2) Accidents can occur anytime and anywhere Accidents can occur anytime and anywhere Injury when working around rotating parts is common in agricultural occupations Injury when working around rotating parts is common in agricultural occupations

11. Avoid Rotating Part Hazards By: Keep guards in place Keep guards in place Stop the engine before dismounting the tractor Stop the engine before dismounting the tractor Dress safely to avoid entanglements Dress safely to avoid entanglements Don’t be in a hurry Don’t be in a hurry Don’t think that you are strong or fast enough to avoid an entanglement Don’t think that you are strong or fast enough to avoid an entanglement

12. Guidelines for Agricultural Tasks Read and discuss the guidelines on 2.4 Read and discuss the guidelines on 2.4 How does this relate to the Hazardous Occupations Order In Agriculture? How does this relate to the Hazardous Occupations Order In Agriculture? Safe Dressing tips: Safe Dressing tips: –Snug fitting clothes –No jewelry –Hard shoes with good treads –No long hair –Long pants that are the “right” size –Other required gear

13. Hazard Warning Signs, Signals, and Equipment Red = indicates danger and are very serious potential hazards Red = indicates danger and are very serious potential hazards Orange = indicates warning and a lesser degree of hazards Orange = indicates warning and a lesser degree of hazards Yellow = indicates caution Yellow = indicates caution

14. Hazard Warning Signs, Signals, and Equipment Cont’d. Discuss the pictorials on 2.8 and the hand signals on 2.9 Discuss the pictorials on 2.8 and the hand signals on 2.9 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) = designed to help prevent injuries to your head, eyes, ears, body, and feet (See 2.10) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) = designed to help prevent injuries to your head, eyes, ears, body, and feet (See 2.10) PPE includes safety glasses, face shields, respiratory protection, hard hats, ear plugs/muffs, boots, and gloves PPE includes safety glasses, face shields, respiratory protection, hard hats, ear plugs/muffs, boots, and gloves

15. Hazard Warning Signs, Signals, and Equipment Cont’d. A safe work environment should also include: A safe work environment should also include: –Someone trained in CPR –First aid kit –Emergency plan and phone numbers –A map or layout for emergency responders

16. Complete The Following Questions: 2.1 - #1 2.1 - #1 2.3 - #4,5,6 2.3 - #4,5,6 2.8 - #4,5 2.8 - #4,5 2.9 - #1 2.9 - #1 2.10 - #1 2.10 - #1

17. Mechanical Hazards Pinch Point = two machine parts move together (belts, chains, gears) Pinch Point = two machine parts move together (belts, chains, gears) Wrap Point = a rotating machine part (PTO) Wrap Point = a rotating machine part (PTO) Shear Point = two machine parts move close to one another (knives and blades) Shear Point = two machine parts move close to one another (knives and blades) Crush Points = two machine parts move together as the gap between them decreases (drawbar hitching) Crush Points = two machine parts move together as the gap between them decreases (drawbar hitching)

18. Agricultural Hazards Cont’d. Pull In Points = rotating parts that come within extremely close contact (feed rolls, gears) Pull In Points = rotating parts that come within extremely close contact (feed rolls, gears) Burn Points = parts that may reach hot temperatures (muffler, engine, fluids) Burn Points = parts that may reach hot temperatures (muffler, engine, fluids) Freewheeling Parts = machine parts that continue to run even after being turned off (mowers, balers) Freewheeling Parts = machine parts that continue to run even after being turned off (mowers, balers)

19. Agricultural Hazards Cont’d. Stored Energy = confined energy that may be released unexpectedly (springs, hydraulics) Stored Energy = confined energy that may be released unexpectedly (springs, hydraulics) Thrown Objects = machines that discharge materials while operating (mower, mixers) Thrown Objects = machines that discharge materials while operating (mower, mixers)

20. Agricultural Hazards Cont’d. Other agricultural hazards includes: Other agricultural hazards includes: –Working with livestock (fight or flight) –Pesticides and other chemical exposure –Electrical and shock hazards (environmental conditions surrounding electricity)

21. Tractor Safety Tractors may have narrow or wide front ends, 2 or 4 wheel drive, single or dual wheels, front or rear or articulated steering, steel or rubber or tracks Tractors may have narrow or wide front ends, 2 or 4 wheel drive, single or dual wheels, front or rear or articulated steering, steel or rubber or tracks Tractors were developed to: Tractors were developed to: –Move loads –Carry implements –Pull and transport –Remote power source

23. Tractor Hazards Overturns Overturns –Approx. 50% of fatal accidents occur due to side or back overturns –Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) was designed to protect operators from overturns Overturns caused by: Overturns caused by: –Driving or maneuvering too fast –Hitching above drawbar height –Driving up steep slopes –Altering the tractor’s center of gravity

24. Tractor Hazards Cont’d. Runovers Runovers –Never allow passengers to ride on a tractor—the only safe place is in the seat –The operator should be careful not to be knocked off of a tractor by a bump, tree limb, or other obstacle –Be aware of other people around you as you operate a tractor—particularly children

25. Tractor Hazards Cont’d. Power take off entanglement Power take off entanglement –The PTO serves as a remote power source on a tractor –Usually a PTO turns at 540 or 1000 RPM’s –Always make sure that the PTO master shield and other PTO guards are in place –Never step over a moving PTO shaft

26. Tractor Hazards Cont’d. Older tractors Older tractors –Older tractors may cause accidents due to: Lack of ROPS and seat belts Lack of ROPS and seat belts Seat without arm and back rests Seat without arm and back rests No safety start system No safety start system No lights or flashers No lights or flashers Missing a PTO master shield Missing a PTO master shield No color coding of controls No color coding of controls No tractor operation symbols or warnings No tractor operation symbols or warnings

27. The Tractor Instrument Panel A tractor’s instrument panel should be checked regularly at start up, during operation, and when changes occur during operation A tractor’s instrument panel should be checked regularly at start up, during operation, and when changes occur during operation Instruments may be: Instruments may be: –Lights –Gauges –Digital displays –Buzzers

30. Common Instrument/Control Indicators Charge Indicator (ammeter) Charge Indicator (ammeter) Coolant Temperature/level Coolant Temperature/level Oil Pressure Oil Pressure Fuel Gage Fuel Gage Speed-Hour Speed-Hour Tachometer (RPM) Tachometer (RPM) PTO speed (540 vs. 1,000) PTO speed (540 vs. 1,000) Transmission Oil Temperature/Press ure Transmission Oil Temperature/Press ure Gears/Shifting Pattern Gears/Shifting Pattern Headlights, Accessory Lights, Flashers Headlights, Accessory Lights, Flashers 4 WD 4 WD

31. Color Coding of Controls Red = Stop engine controls Orange = Ground motion controls Yellow = Power engagement controls Black = Positioning and adjusting controls ONLY APPLIES TO MODERN DAY TRACTORS

32. Engine Stop Controls Gas engines will have red letters on the key switch Gas engines will have red letters on the key switch Diesel engines may be shut off with a fuel shut-off switch instead of a key Diesel engines may be shut off with a fuel shut-off switch instead of a key If a push-pull shut off switch is used it must: If a push-pull shut off switch is used it must: –Be within 6 inches of the key –Be pulled to stop –Be labeled –Remain in stop position when placed there

34. Ground Motion Controls Ground motion controls include: Ground motion controls include: –Engine Speed controls (throttle) = always operated with right hand and/or foot –Transmission controls = gear pattern must be labeled –Parking brake control –Independent brake lock controls –Differential lock controls

36. Power Engagement Controls These controls engage mechanisms that use the tractor as a remote power source, such as: These controls engage mechanisms that use the tractor as a remote power source, such as: –PTO –Cutterheads –Feed rolls –Elevators –Winches –Unloading augers

38. Positioning/Adjusting Controls These controls position or adjust tractor accessories such as: –Hydraulic cylinders –Implement hitches –Engine chokes –Steering column position –Lights, flashers, and signals –Cab comforts (heat, fan, AC, radio, wiper)

39. Positioning/Adjusting Controls Cont’d. Lift controls operated from the seat must be on the right side of the seat Loader controls must be to the right of the seat Foot controls must be pushed forward to lower equipment

41. Types of Tractor Controls Foot Controls = pedals Foot Controls = pedals Hand Controls = levers, switches, knobs, buttons, and toggles Hand Controls = levers, switches, knobs, buttons, and toggles Combination Hand and Foot Controls = engine throttle Combination Hand and Foot Controls = engine throttle

42. Tractor Operation Symbols Developed to show (pictorials) tractor and equipment operating functions Developed to show (pictorials) tractor and equipment operating functions Located both on the tractor/equipment and in the owner’s manual Located both on the tractor/equipment and in the owner’s manual –Discuss and review the symbols on 4.5.6 and on the handout

43. Maintenance and Safety Checks Daily maintenance and safety checks are important for the following reasons: Daily maintenance and safety checks are important for the following reasons: –Reduces machine stopping and failures –Reduces operating costs

44. Maintenance and Safety Checks cont’d. –Reduces equipment hazards –Increases service life –Increases efficiency and overall safety Consult your Operator’s Manual!

45. Daily Maintenance Checks Fuel supply Fuel supply Coolant level Coolant level Tire Pressure Tire Pressure Battery Battery Engine Oil level and pressure Engine Oil level and pressure Hydraulic Oil level and pressure Hydraulic Oil level and pressure

46. Daily Maintenance Checks Cont’d. Seat position Seat position Steering system Steering system Hitch and pin Hitch and pin Tires and wheels Tires and wheels PTO shields PTO shields Brakes Brakes Wiring Wiring Belts Belts

47. Starting/Stopping Tractors Review these procedures on Task Sheet 4.7 pages Review these procedures on Task Sheet 4.7 pages 2-3 for Gas and Diesel Engines

48. Mounting and Starting the Tractor 3 points of attachment at all times (two hands and one foot) 3 points of attachment at all times (two hands and one foot) Make all comfort adjustments Make all comfort adjustments

49. Mounting and Starting the Tractor cont’d. Check the ROPS and for any possible hazards Check the ROPS and for any possible hazards Inspect all major controls Inspect all major controls Perform a maintenance check Perform a maintenance check

50. Steering and Driving Proper clutch engagement Proper clutch engagement Safely driving around obstacles Safely driving around obstacles Allow for turning radius Allow for turning radius Know the gear pattern Know the gear pattern

51. Steering and Driving Don’t “ride” the clutch Don’t “ride” the clutch Use of individual brakes Use of individual brakes Allow room for towing of implements Allow room for towing of implements

52. Tractor Stability Center of Gravity = the point where all parts of a physical object balance one another Center of Gravity = the point where all parts of a physical object balance one another * discuss 4.12 diagrams

53. Tractor Stability Always keep the CG inside of a tractor’s stability baseline Always keep the CG inside of a tractor’s stability baseline The stability baseline moves during operation The stability baseline moves during operation

54. Reasons CG moves Steep slopes Steep slopes CG raises (front end loader) CG raises (front end loader) Going too fast Going too fast Power to rear wheels too quickly Power to rear wheels too quickly Hitching above normal drawbar height Hitching above normal drawbar height

55. Reviewing Tractor Safety Review and discuss the tractor safety diagrams on 4.13 Review and discuss the tractor safety diagrams on 4.13

56. Operating Tractors on Public Roads All signs and traffic laws must be followed All signs and traffic laws must be followed Warn other motorists of your presence Warn other motorists of your presence Most tractors do not exceed 20 m.p.h. Most tractors do not exceed 20 m.p.h.

57. Operating Tractors on Public Roads Approaching traffic must be seen Approaching traffic must be seen Tractors are highly maneuverable on a road surface Tractors are highly maneuverable on a road surface

58. Operating Tractors on Public Roads Stopping distance of vehicles when approaching tractors on a road is critical Stopping distance of vehicles when approaching tractors on a road is critical SMV emblems and flashers were developed for this reason SMV emblems and flashers were developed for this reason Accidents occur when drivers do not share the road with others Accidents occur when drivers do not share the road with others

59. Operating Tractors on Public Roads It is illegal to transport farm tractors and machinery without lights at night It is illegal to transport farm tractors and machinery without lights at night Two red reflectors must be visible from the rear and indicate extreme left and right of an implement Two red reflectors must be visible from the rear and indicate extreme left and right of an implement

60. Operating Tractors on Public Roads Two amber reflectors must be visible from the front and indicate the extreme left and right of an implement Two amber reflectors must be visible from the front and indicate the extreme left and right of an implement

61. Operating Tractors on Public Roads All safety chains, keys, pins, cables, etc. must be attached when traveling on the road All safety chains, keys, pins, cables, etc. must be attached when traveling on the road SMV sign visible from 600 ft. (if view of sign on tractor is obstructed, the SMV must be put on the implement) SMV sign visible from 600 ft. (if view of sign on tractor is obstructed, the SMV must be put on the implement)

62. Operating Tractors on Public Roads Allow faster traffic to pass if you can safely pull completely off the road Allow faster traffic to pass if you can safely pull completely off the road DO NOT wave traffic around you!!! DO NOT wave traffic around you!!!

63. Connecting Implements Hitch only to the drawbar to keep the angle of pull as low as possible Hitch only to the drawbar to keep the angle of pull as low as possible Review drawbar hitch categories and design on 5.1 pg. 2 Review drawbar hitch categories and design on 5.1 pg. 2

64. Hooking Up Implements Back up and “spot” the drawbar hole with the implement hole Back up and “spot” the drawbar hole with the implement hole Have a helper stand to the side Have a helper stand to the side Adjust jacks to the right height before backing up Adjust jacks to the right height before backing up

65. Using the 3 Point Hitch Move OR Remove the drawbar Move OR Remove the drawbar Adjust and attach the draft arms using pins/keys Adjust and attach the draft arms using pins/keys Adjust and attach the upper 3 point hitch arm Adjust and attach the upper 3 point hitch arm

67. Using the 3 Point Hitch Attach the PTO shaft (if present) Attach the PTO shaft (if present) Check to make sure the PTO has “locked” onto the PTO shaft Check to make sure the PTO has “locked” onto the PTO shaft

68. PTO Shafts Run at 540 (6 splines) or 1,000 (20 or 21 splines) RPM’s Run at 540 (6 splines) or 1,000 (20 or 21 splines) RPM’s Clean and grease PTO shafts frequently Clean and grease PTO shafts frequently

69. Complete These Questions 4.5.6#2,3,4 4.5.6#2,3,4 4.7#4 4.7#4 4.14#2 4.14#2 5.4#5,6 5.4#5,6

70. Answers 4.5.6 4.5.6 –#3- C –#4- A 4.7 #4 4.7 #4 –A.-False –B.-2 –C.- compression

71. Answers –D.- warm up fluids and parts –E.- wear or round over –F.- False –G.- True –H.- 3 –I.- in the block and help to pre- heat engine

72. Answers 4.14 #2- 88 ft./sec. 4.14 #2- 88 ft./sec. 5.1#3- 5.1#3- –A. –B. –C. –D.

73. Answers 5.4 #5 5.4 #5 –A.- 540 –B.- 1000 –C.- 1000 –D.- 10-15% #6- Guard Shafts #6- Guard Shafts

74. PTO Shafts One of the oldest and most persistent machinery hazards One of the oldest and most persistent machinery hazards PTO stub, Master Shield, Implement Input Connection Shield, Safety Chain (See 5.4.1 pg. 3 diagram) PTO stub, Master Shield, Implement Input Connection Shield, Safety Chain (See 5.4.1 pg. 3 diagram)

75. Complete Questions 5.4.1#1,2 5.4.1#1,2

76. Answers 5.4.1 5.4.1 –#1- u joint, PTO, PTO connection, Pedestal connection, pedestal, implement input connection, telescoping shaft

77. Answers 5.4.1 #2 5.4.1 #2 –A.- 9.42 in. –B.- 9 RPS –C.- 27 revolutions –D.- 254.34 in. of shoelace

78. Hydraulics and Implements Moving implements using fluid under pressure Moving implements using fluid under pressure Basic components consist of a reservoir, pump, valve, hoses, and a cylinder Basic components consist of a reservoir, pump, valve, hoses, and a cylinder

80. Hydraulic Systems Clean oil and scheduled changes of oil and filter Clean oil and scheduled changes of oil and filter Heat is generated Heat is generated Very high pressure (up to 2,000 psi) Very high pressure (up to 2,000 psi)

81. Hydraulic Systems Never check leak with your hands Never check leak with your hands Remove dirt from coupler before hooking up Remove dirt from coupler before hooking up Make sure of proper hose hook up Make sure of proper hose hook up

83. Hydraulic Systems Connect dust covers on hydraulic lines when not using them Connect dust covers on hydraulic lines when not using them Lower machinery and use safety stops before unhooking hoses Lower machinery and use safety stops before unhooking hoses

84. Electrical Connections Modern Equipment uses electrical connections for Modern Equipment uses electrical connections for –Lights, sensors, monitors, warning devices, outlets, electric motors, and GPS

85. Skid Steers Very versatile machines Very versatile machines Use hydraulics for lifting, moving, and operating attachments Use hydraulics for lifting, moving, and operating attachments Very low center of gravity Very low center of gravity

86. Skid Steers May Use hand and foot controls May Use hand and foot controls Must use seat belts or safety bar Must use seat belts or safety bar Be careful of pinch, shear, and crush points Be careful of pinch, shear, and crush points

87. Skid Steers Always lower lift arms and bucket before exiting the machine OR use the safety stops to keep the loader in the raised position during maintenance Always lower lift arms and bucket before exiting the machine OR use the safety stops to keep the loader in the raised position during maintenance

88. Skid Steers Do not exceed the lift capacity Do not exceed the lift capacity Perform proper maintenance Perform proper maintenance Check tire pressure frequently Check tire pressure frequently

89. ATV’s and Utility Vehicles Go almost anywhere and over almost any terrain Go almost anywhere and over almost any terrain Used for sport, recreation, and work Used for sport, recreation, and work Very maneuverable machine Very maneuverable machine

90. ATV’s and Utility Vehicles Suspension involves tires, springs, and shocks Suspension involves tires, springs, and shocks Transmissions may be manual, automatic, centrifugal (belt) Transmissions may be manual, automatic, centrifugal (belt)

91. Safe ATV Use Guidelines 70cc age 12 and older 70cc age 12 and older 90cc age 16 and older 90cc age 16 and older No passengers No passengers Know your terrain Know your terrain Wear an approved ANSI helmet Wear an approved ANSI helmet Proper clothing Proper clothing

92. Safe ATV/Utility Vehicle Use Guidelines Avoid public and paved roads Avoid public and paved roads Know the licensing procedures Know the licensing procedures Tie down cargo Tie down cargo Avoid steep slopes Avoid steep slopes Slow down for turns Slow down for turns