1. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.1 Component parts of a three-phase induction motor mounted in a flame-proof housing Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 1

2. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.2 Squirrel-cage rotor for an induction motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 2

3. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.3 Wound rotor for an induction motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 3

4. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.4 Circuit for a wound-rotor induction motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 4

5. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.5 Winding connections to the terminal block of a three-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 5

6. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.6 Bridging connections in a three-phase terminal block Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 6

7. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.7 Polarities and connections in a two-pole, three-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 7

8. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.8 Waveform diagram showing three-phase currents at 120°E to one another (for reference numbers, see text) Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 8

9. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.9(a) Resultant flux produced at positions indicated from Figure 10.8 Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 9

10. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.9(b) Resultant flux produced at positions indicated from Figure 10.8 Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 10

11. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.9(c) Resultant flux produced at positions indicated from Figure 10.8 Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 11

12. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.10(a) Phase sequence and field rotation Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 12

13. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.10(b) Phase sequence and field rotation Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 13

14. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.11 Production of torque in an induction motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 14

15. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.12 Relation between rotor frequency and slip Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 15

16. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.13(a) Operating characteristics for a squirrel-cage induction motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 16

17. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.13(b) Operating characteristics for a squirrel-cage induction motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 17

18. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.14 Low starting torque rotor bars Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 18

19. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.15 Standard rotor bars Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 19

20. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.16 Double cage rotor for high starting torque Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 20

21. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.17 High resistance rotor bars Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 21

22. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.18 Cast aluminium rotor bars Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 22

23. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.19 Operating characteristic for a wound-rotor motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 23

24. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.20(a) Current phasors for an induction motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 24

25. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.20(b) Current phasors for an induction motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 25

26. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.21 Typical parameters for a three- phase induction motor, showing how they alter as the load varies Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 26

27. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.22 Single-phase split-phase 180 W motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 27

28. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.23(a) Electrical details of a split-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 28

29. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.23(b) Electrical details of a split-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 29

30. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.24 Phase relationships between starting and running winding currents for a split-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 30

31. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.25 Flux waveforms Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 31

32. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.26(a) Rotating field in a split-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 32

33. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.26(b) Rotating field in a split-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 33

34. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.27 Pulsating stator field Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 34

35. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.28 Magnetic fields in a rotating single-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 35

36. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.29 Speed/torque curve for a split-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 36

37. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.30 Capacitor-start, induction-run motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 37

38. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.31(a) Rotating field in a capacitor-start motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 38

39. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.31(b) Rotating field in a capacitor-start motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 39

40. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.32 Speed/torque curve for a capacitor-start motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 40

41. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.33 Capacitor-start, capacitor-run motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 41

42. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.34 Permanently- split motor circuit Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 42

43. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.35 Salient poles and shading rings Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 43

44. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.36 Centre line of flux moves towards the shading ring, giving the effect of a moving field Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 44

45. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.37 Speed/torque curve for a shaded-pole motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 45

46. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.38 Torque production in a universal motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 46

47. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.39 Reversing the direction of rotation in a universal motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 47

48. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.40 Universal motor speed/load characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 48

49. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.41 Model of atomic structure Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 49

50. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.41 Reversal of one phase for a star-connected motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 50

51. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.42 Circuit conditions causing single phasing with a three-phase motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 51

52. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.43 Delta-connected motor with one phase winding open-circuited Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 52

53. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.44 Tester for comparing relative inductances of motor windings Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 53

54. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 10.45 Circuit for voltage drop-testing of armatures Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 54