1. SALIVA Protective nature Protective nature Mechanically cleansing Mechanically cleansing Defense against microbial invasion Defense against microbial invasion

2. COSTITUENTS OF SALIVA Inorganic Factors Inorganic Factors Organic Factors Organic Factors Agglutinins Agglutinins

3. INORGANIC FACTORS Ions & Gases Ions & Gases Bicarbonate Bicarbonate Sodium,Potassium,Phosphates Sodium,Potassium,Phosphates Calcium,Fluorides Calcium,Fluorides Ammonium,Carbon dioxide Ammonium,Carbon dioxide

4. ORGANIC FACTORS Lysozyme Lysozyme Lactoferrin Lactoferrin Myeloperoxidase Myeloperoxidase Lactoperoxidase Lactoperoxidase

5. AGGLUTININS Glycoproteins Glycoproteins Mucins Mucins Beeta 2 macroglobulins Beeta 2 macroglobulins Fibronectins Fibronectins Antibodies Antibodies

6. FUNCTIONS OF SALIVA Lubrication Lubrication Physical protection Physical protection Cleansing Cleansing Buffering Buffering Tooth integrity maintenance Tooth integrity maintenance Antibacterial action Antibacterial action

7. ANTIBACTERIAL FACTORS Inorganic&Organic factors Inorganic&Organic factors Lysozyme Lysozyme (1)Hydrolytic enzyme (1)Hydrolytic enzyme (2)Both gm+&gm-ve (2)Both gm+&gm-ve Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate –Bactericidal Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate –Bactericidal Myeloperoxidase Myeloperoxidase

8. SALIVARY ANTIBODIES IgG – more prevalent in GCF IgG – more prevalent in GCF IgM IgM IgA (1)preponderant, IgA (1)preponderant, (2)many bacteria coated with IgA (2)many bacteria coated with IgA (3)inhibit attachment of Strepto. sp. (3)inhibit attachment of Strepto. sp. (4)impair the ability of bacteria to attach mucosal/dental surfaces (4)impair the ability of bacteria to attach mucosal/dental surfaces

9. ENZYMES Parotid amylase- major Parotid amylase- major Periodontal diseases- increase conc Periodontal diseases- increase conc (i)hyaluronidase&lipase (i)hyaluronidase&lipase (ii)beeta glucuronidase&chondroitin (ii)beeta glucuronidase&chondroitin (iii)aspartate aminotransferase&ALP (iii)aspartate aminotransferase&ALP (iv)amino acid decorboxylases (iv)amino acid decorboxylases (v)catalase,peroxidase&collaganase (v)catalase,peroxidase&collaganase

10. ENGYME Contd.. Antiproteases Antiproteases -Inhibit cysteine proteases - cathepsin -Inhibit cysteine proteases - cathepsin -Antileukoprotiases-elastase -Antileukoprotiases-elastase -TIMP -TIMP Mucinous glycoprotein Mucinous glycoprotein

11. BUFFERS&COAGULATION FACTORS Bicarbonate-carbonic acid Bicarbonate-carbonic acid Maintenance of physiologic pH Maintenance of physiologic pH Factors VIII,IX and X,PTA;Hageman factor Factors VIII,IX and X,PTA;Hageman factor Fibrinolytic enzyme Fibrinolytic enzyme

12. LEUKOCYTES PMNs PMNs -varies from person to person -varies from person to person -living form in saliva - Orogranulocytes -living form in saliva - Orogranulocytes Orogranulocytic migratory rate Orogranulocytic migratory rate

13. ROLE IN PERIODONTAL PATHOLOGY Removal of salivary glands Removal of salivary glands -dental caries -dental caries -periodantal diseases -periodantal diseases -delays wound healing -delays wound healing Xerostomia Xerostomia

14. MCQ -1 Which of the following immunoglobulin is most commonly found in saliva Which of the following immunoglobulin is most commonly found in saliva (a)IgG (a)IgG (b)IgM (b)IgM (c)IgA (c)IgA (d)IgE (d)IgE

15. MCQ-2 Which of the following is responsible for the antibacterial action of saliva in oral health? Which of the following is responsible for the antibacterial action of saliva in oral health? (a)Glycoprotein (a)Glycoprotein (b)Bicarbonate (b)Bicarbonate (c) Minerals (c) Minerals (d)Lysozyme (d)Lysozyme

16. MCQ-3 The various mechanisms that play an important role in the defense of the periodontal tissues against infections EXCEPT The various mechanisms that play an important role in the defense of the periodontal tissues against infections EXCEPT (a)GCF (a)GCF (b)Saliva (b)Saliva (c)Epithelial barrier (c)Epithelial barrier (d)Monoglycerides (d)Monoglycerides

17. MCQ-4 Which of the following leukocytes are most commonly found in Saliva Which of the following leukocytes are most commonly found in Saliva (a)Lymphocytes (a)Lymphocytes (b)Basophils (b)Basophils (c)Eosinophils (c)Eosinophils (d)Neutrophils (d)Neutrophils

18. MCQ-5 Salivary secretions are protective in nature because they Salivary secretions are protective in nature because they (a)help in plaque maturation (a)help in plaque maturation (b)initiate calculus formation (b)initiate calculus formation (c)mechanically cleansing oral cavity (c)mechanically cleansing oral cavity (d)contains proteases (d)contains proteases