1. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

2. What are the characteristics of muscles? What are the functions of the muscular system? What are common disorders of the muscular system? How are muscular disorders treated? How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 2

3. Characteristics of Muscles ContractibilityExcitabilityExtensibilityElasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 3

4. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 4 *Muscle becomes short and thick when it is flexed.

5. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins = movement and heat 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 5

6. Characteristics of Muscles The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell. The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 6 Contractibility Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus.

7. Characteristics of Muscles Excitability 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 7 The ability To respond To a stimulus

8. Characteristics of Muscles *Extensibility-the ability to stretch; stretching every morning, stretching before and after exercise helps to improve extensibility. 8

9. Characteristics of Muscles Elasticity-ability to return to its original shape when relaxing. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 9

10. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 10

11. Muscle Tone *Muscle tone-ALWAYS slightly contracted and READY; obtained through proper nutrition and regular exercise and training. Atrophy: weak, flaccid muscle due to lack of use (a- ________ -trophy ________) Hypertrophy: enlarged muscles due to over- exercise (hyper- _______ -trophy ________) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 11

12. Muscle Tone John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle. What happened? (*Muscle atrophy) How do you explain this to him? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 12

13. Muscle Tone Exercise & Training What are the advantages of exercise? Are there any disadvantages of exercise? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 13

14. Muscle Fatigue Discuss muscle fatigue: –What causes muscle fatigue? –How does the body correct muscle fatigue? –Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not? –Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Give examples of each. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 14

15. Muscle Fatigue *Muscle fatigue is caused by accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle during vigorous exercise without rest; blood is unable to transport enough oxygen; the muscle fatigues and cramps. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 15

16. Muscle Fatigue Aerobic exercise-longer intensity of exercise; maximizes the amount of oxygen in the blood. Example: walking, bicycling, swimming Anaerobic exercise-high intensity over short period of time; promotes muscle strengthen- ing and fat burning. Example: pull-ups, sprints, push-ups, sit-ups, squats 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 16

17. Functions of the Muscular System What are the functions of the muscular system? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 17

18. 1. Movement: Skeletal Muscle Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 18

19. Movement Discuss the mechanism of skeletal muscle movement to include: Point of origin-attached to a fixed structure Point of insertion-attached to a movable part Identify the: Prime mover-single direction Antagonist-opposite direction Synergists-steady, stabilize movement 19

20. Movement: Digestive System The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 20

21. Movement: Circulatory System Heartbeat The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 21

22. 2. *Posture-gives the body form, shape How does the muscular system effect posture? (*sit/walk without hunching) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 22

23. 3. Body Heat What is the body’s response to cold? Why? How is this response helpful? How does the body respond to exercise? Why? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 23

24. Myopathy Myo- -pathy “disease of the muscle” 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 24

25. Fibromyalgia-chronic muscle pain Discuss the pictures and how they relate to fibromyalgia. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 25

26. *Fibromyalgia 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 26 Causes: unknown, *more common in women *Symptoms: problems sleeping, muscle fatigue, exercise intolerance, headache, depression Treatment: directed at symptom relief-sleep, exercise, massage, Chiropractor, relaxation techniques, stretching, medication

27. Hernia-bulging/protrusion of a part of an organ through a weak muscle. Discuss hernias. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 27

28. Hernia Causes and Locations: caused by a weak area in a muscle; common in abdomen and inguinal regions. Treatment: Surgery may be required to repair the muscle wall. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 28

29. Muscle Spasms ( Involuntary hypertonicity) sustained contraction of the muscle 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 29

30. Muscle Spasms 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 30 Causes: Overuse of the muscle Symptoms: occur suddenly causing pain in the affected muscle, a bulging muscle may be seen of felt Treatment: stretching, hydration

31. Muscular Dystrophy-group of diseases in which the muscle cells deteriorate Discuss the picture and how it relates to muscular dystrophy. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 31

32. Muscular Dystrophy 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 32 Causes: may be genetic Symptoms: at birth, the child may appear normal; as growth occurs and muscles die, the child becomes weak; loss of ability to walk between 9-11 yrs. of age.

33. Muscular Dystrophy 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 33 Treatment: physical therapy, respiratory therapy, orthopedic appliances, drug therapy; ventilator may be needed.

34. Myasthenia Gravis (grave muscle weakness) 0ccurs when the connection between the nerves and muscle is lost. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 34

35. *Myasthenia Gravis 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 35 *Causes: autoimmune disease *Symptoms: muscle weakness of voluntary muscles-weakness around eyes, difficulty Chewing/swallowing, more pronounced with activity. Treatment: rest, meds, possible removal of the thymus gland

36. Strain-overstretching or tear of a muscle What happened here? What symptoms is this man having? (soreness, pain, tenderness) Why? *Muscle is torn and is bleeding How will he treat them? (rest, ice, compression, elevation) What is his prognosis? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 36

37. Tendonitis-inflammation of a tendon Discuss the pictures and how they relate to tendonitis. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 37

38. Tendonitis 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 38 Causes: overuse of the joint Symptoms: pain with movement, swelling, tenderness directly over the tendon Treatment: rest, ice anti-inflammatories

39. Tetanus- infectious disease, usually fatal, caused by tetanus bacillus Discuss the picture and how it relates to tetanus. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 39

40. Tetanus 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 40 Causes: a toxin from the bacillus, Clostridium tetani, enters the body through a puncture wound. Symptoms: spasms/stiffness of neck and jaw muscles, difficulty swallowing, stiffness of abdomen, body spasms, fever, sweating Treatment: wound care, treat symptoms, preventative care GET THE TETANUS SHOT!

41. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system What are the characteristics of muscles? What are the functions of the muscular system? What are common disorders of the muscular system? How are muscular disorders treated? How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 41