1. Warm-Up
List two reasons the United States should be involved in other countries affairs.
- OR-
List two reasons the United States should not be involved in other countries affairs

2. America Claims an Empire
Global competition prompts the United States to expand its influence and territory, engage in conflicts around the globe, and build the Panama Canal.

3. Imperialism and America Section 1
Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition causes the United States to expand.

4. Imperialism policy of extending control over weaker nations
In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa, compete for China
Japan joins race for China
U.S. decides to expand overseas – “if you can’t beat ‘em join ‘em”

5. Imperialism Three Factors Fueled American Imperialism
1) Desire for military strength
2) Thirst for new markets
3) Belief in cultural superiority

6. Imperialism Desire for Military Strength
U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third largest naval power
Built the Maine and the Oregon

7. Imperialism Thirst for New Markets
U.S. farms, factories produce more than Americans can consume – surplus
Foreign trade: solution to overproduction, unemployment, depression

8. Economic Objective of Imperialism
Favorable Balance of Trade - Exporting more than you import
Reason: America was looking for new world markets, RAW MATERIALS.
America achieves this and becomes a world economic power

9. Imperialism Belief in Cultural Superiority
Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in superiority of Anglo-Saxons
Argue U.S. has duty to “Christianize” and “civilize” the “inferior peoples”

10. Imperialism
Alaska
William Seward —Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson

12. Imperialism
Alaska
1867, Seward arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly”
Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil

13. Imperialism The Cry for Annexation of Hawaii Hawaii used as rest stop
1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor
becomes refueling station

14. Imperialism The Cry for Annexation of Hawaii
75% of wealth is American sugar plantations
1890 McKinley Tariff – Tax of imported goods
Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so it will not have to pay tax

15. Imperialism The End of a Monarchy
1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit vote to “rich landowners”
Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement

16. Imperialism The End of a Monarchy
With help of marines, business groups overthrow queen
Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole
McKinley declares Hawaii U.S. territory – August 12, 1898

17. The Spanish-American War
In 1898, the United States goes to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain.

18. Cuba Libre! Cuba’s War for Independence
José Martí—poet, journalist—launches second revolution in 1895 (first )
U.S. public opinion split:
business wants to support Spain – sugar plantations
others favor Cuban cause

19. Americans had long been interested in Cuba

20. Cuba Libre! Spain Takes Action
1896, General Valeriano Weyler sent to Cuba to restore order
Puts about 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps

21. Cuba Libre! Yellow Journalism
Sensational writing used to lure, enrage readers
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst exploit “Butcher” Weyler
Hearst said, “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war”

22. Cuba Libre! Yellow Journalism The de Lôme Letter
Private letter by Spanish minister to the US Enrique Dupuy de Lôme published – New York Journal
calls McKinley weak, swayed by public
Spain apologizes, de Lôme resigns; American public angry

23. Cuba Libre! The U.S.S. Maine Explodes
U.S.S. Maine sent to pick up U.S. citizens, protect U.S. property
Ship blows up in Havana harbor; newspapers blame Spain

24. Spanish-American War The U.S. Declares War
Spain agrees to most U.S. demands, public opinion still favors war
Remember the Maine
U.S. declares war April 1898

25. Spanish-American War

26. Spanish-American War The War in the Philippines
First battle with Spain occurs in Spanish colony of the Philippines
Commodore George Dewey/ Emilio Aguinaldo defeat Spanish troops Aug. 1898

27. Buffalo Soldier: Bob Marley
If you know your history, Then you would know where you coming from, Then you wouldn’t have to ask me, Who the heck do I think I am. Said he was a buffalo soldier win the war for America; Buffalo soldier, dreadlock Rasta, Fighting on arrival, fighting for survival; Driven from the mainland to the heart of the Caribbean.
Troddin through San Juan in the arms of America; Troddin through Jamaica, a buffalo soldier- Fighting on arrival, fighting for survival: Buffalo soldier, dreadlock rasta.

28. Spanish-American War Rough Riders
Rough Riders Theodore Roosevelt lead volunteer cavalry
Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic San Juan Hill
Exaggerated
Two African American Regiments did most of the work that preceded them

30. Spanish-American Wars
Treaty of Paris
Spain, U.S. sign armistice August 1898; meet in Paris to make treaty
Spain frees Cuba; hands Guam, Puerto Rico to U.S.; sells Philippines $20 million

31. Spanish-American War Debate over the Treaty
Treaty of Paris touches off great debate over imperialism
McKinley tries to justify annexation of Philippines on moral grounds – “need to Christianize them”
AKA “White Mans Burdon”

32. Acquiring New Lands
In the early 1900s, the United States engages in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines.

33. Puerto Rico
Then
During Spanish-American War, Americans occupy Puerto Rico under military control
PR strategic as post in Caribbean, for protection of “future canal”
1900 set up civil government
1917 Puerto Ricans made U.S. citizens

34. Puerto Rico
Today
Reject statehood and independence; Afraid of losing Latino culture
Want to be a commonwealth
US Citizens
Can move freely from PR to States
Can be drafted
Can not vote in US Elections
Man holds flag with 51 stars

35. Cuba
After war U.S. occupies Cuba; US puts same officials in office as Spain
American military government helps rebuild the country

36. Cuba Platt Amendment American Interests
U.S. makes Cuba add to its 1901 constitution
No treaties with foreign power
U.S. has right to intervene
U.S. can buy, lease land for navy
American Interests
Tobacco, sugar, mining
Becomes a protectorate for 31 years – affairs partially controlled by a stronger nation

37. Philippine-American War
Filipinos outraged at Treaty of Paris $20 Million deal
Call for independence 1899
Emilio Aguinaldo

38. Philippine-American War
Opinion Split
White U.S. soldiers see Filipinos as inferior
Black troops troubled at spreading prejudice
20,000 Filipinos die in fight for independence
July 4, 1946, Philippines become independent

39. Argument over Imperialism
The Anti-Imperialist League
McKinley’s election confirms most Americans favor imperialism
Anti-Imperialist League has prominent people from different fields
Goes against Declaration of Independence
Booker T. Washington – Settle race relations here before taking social problems elsewhere
Samuel Gompers – Afraid Filipinos would compete for jobs
Andrew Carnegie – We are doing fine

40. Teddy Roosevelt and the World

41. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Panama owned by Columbia
Panama Rebellion
U.S. gives military aid
U.S. pays $10 million for Canal Zone and rent for $250,000 a year

42. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Constructing the Canal
Construction of canal is one of world’s greatest engineering feats
fight diseases, geographic obstacles
at height, 43,400 workers employed
5,600 die

43. Construction on the Panama Canal

44. Panama Canal

45. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
The Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt fears European intervention
Reminds Europeans of Monroe Doctrine, demands they stay out
Roosevelt Corollary—U. S. to use force to protect economic interests