1. APUSH Review: Key Concept 4.3
Period 4: 1800 – 1848
APUSH Review: Key Concept 4.3
Everything You Need To Know About Key Concept 4.3 To Succeed In APUSH

2. The New Curriculum
Key Concept 4.3 “US interest in increasing foreign trade, expanding its national borders, and isolating itself from European conflicts shaped the nation’s foreign policy and spurred government and private initiatives.”
Page 42 of the Curriculum Framework
Big ideas:
How did the US increase its control of North America?
How did both the North and South oppose the power of the federal government?
How was slavery seen as a divisive issue during this time?

3. Key Concept 4.3 I
“Struggling to create an independent global presence, US policymakers sought to dominate the North American continent and to promote its foreign trade.” – pg 42 of the curriculum framework
After the Louisiana Purchase, the US began to expand trade and contact beyond its borders:
Oregon border: US and Canada eventually settled on the 49th parallel
Annexing Texas: After Texas declared independence, the US added Texas in 1845 (debates over slavery)
Trading with China: Treaty of Wanghia (1844) improved trading rights for US in China
US sought to dominate North America through military, judicial actions, and diplomatic efforts:
Monroe Doctrine: Warned Europe to stay out of Latin America, in return US would stay out of European affairs
Webster-Ashburton Treaty: helped resolve the Maine/Canada boundary dispute (Aroostook War)

4. Key Concept 4.3 II
“Various American groups and individuals initiated, championed, and/or resisted the expansion of territory and/or government powers.” – pg 42 of the curriculum framework
Debates raised over expansion and incorporation of new territories
Slave vs. non-slave areas (Missouri Compromise – desire to balance the number of slave and free states)
Northern and Southern States resisted the authority of the federal government
Hartford Convention: New England reaction to the War of and embargoes against Britain (Federalists)
Nullification Crisis: Southern reaction to high tariffs (South Carolina Exposition and Protest)
Those living on the frontier advocated expansion
Warhawks during War of 1812 – Henry Clay
After War of 1812, Natives on the frontier were less of a threat -> pushed further west
Native American conflicts and federal efforts to control Natives
Indian Removal Act – supported by Southerners, pushed Natives west of the Mississippi River
Trail of Tears (1837) – forced removal west of Mississippi
Seminole Wars – series of wars with Natives in Florida

5. Key Concept 4.3 III
Source: Thomas Jefferson to John Randolph, April 22, 1820
[T]his momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it, at once as the [death] knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper.
“The American acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to a contest over the extension of slavery into the western territories as well as a series of attempts at national compromise.” – pg 43 of the curriculum framework
Missouri Compromise had short term success, but eventually broke down
3 parts – ME = free, MO = slave, 36º30’
Thomas Jefferson warned of the effects
MO Compromise was later overturned by KS-NB Act - > “Bleeding Kansas”
Slavery expanded to the Southwest -> increased tensions and debates over national goals, priorities, and strategies

6. Test Tips Multiple-Choice and Short Answer Questions: Essay Questions:
States vs. federal government tensions
US increasing its power in North America
Expansion and Native Americans
Missouri Compromise
Essay Questions:
Ways that regions resisted the power of the federal government
Impacts of expansion (politically, socially, economically) on America and various groups (Natives)
Missouri Compromise (as part of other compromises leading to Civil War)
Good luck in May!

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