1. Ballast Water Management

2. Ballast Water Management
Reasons for managing Ballast Water
“To prevent the translocation of aquatic species across bio-geographical boundaries »
The problem is not new:
Some National Authorities are already requesting BWM for ships entering their ports (USA, Canada, Brazil, EU, Australia, Chile)
The IMO have been discussing this issue and worked toward a Convention for more than 10 years

3. Ballast Water Management
References
Ballast Water Management Convention
Ballast Water Management Guidelines (14 sets)
BWM.2/Circ.7 - Interim Survey Guidelines
BV NI 538 Information Note on Ballast Water Management Systems (To be published)

4. Ballast Water Management
References
Guidelines (1)

5. Ballast Water Management
References
Guidelines (2)

6. Ballast Water Management
Global Vessel traffic densities by vessel types for year 2000

7. Ballast Water Management
Entering into force of the Convention
The BWM Convention has not yet entered into force.
Ratification by 30 States representing 35% of the world merchant shipping tonnage is needed
As from July 2008, 15 States representing 3.55% of the world merchant fleet have ratified the BWM Convention
- Barbados - St Kitts & Nevis
- Egypt - Seychelles
- Kenya - Sierra Leone
- Kiribati - South Africa
- Maldives - Spain
- Mexico - Syria
- Nigeria - Tuvalu
- Norway

8. Ballast Water Management
Definitions
Ballast Water : water with its suspended matter taken on board a ship to control trim, list, draught, stability or stresses of the ship.
Ballast Water Management : mechanical, physical, chemical and biological processes – either singularly or in combination – to remove, render harmless, or avoid the uptake or discharge of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens within ballast water and sediments.
Sediments : matter settled out of Ballast Water within a ship.
Ballast Water Capacity : the total volumetric capacity of any tanks, spaces or compartments on a ship used for carrying, loading or discharging Ballast Water

9. Ballast Water Management
The requirements
The Convention applies to all ships designed or constructed to carry ballast water
when engaged in international voyages;
including submersibles, floating craft, floating platforms, FSUs and FPSOs
Ships of 400 GT and above are subject to surveys and certification
All ships subject to the Convention will be required to:
Carry out ballast water and sediment management
on all voyages
Have on board an approved ballast water
management plan and a ballast water record book

10. Ballast Water Management
Schedule for implementation
Implementation dates as modified by the 25th Assembly
A ship constructed in or after 2009 with a Ballast Water Capacity of less than 5,000 m3 will not be required to comply with regulation D-2 until its second annual survey, but no later than 31 December (Res A 1005(25))

11. Ballast Water Management
BWM Options

12. Ballast Water Management
D-1 Standard
Ballast Water Exchange
Goal: volumetric exchange of ballast water up to 95% of the Ballast Water Capacity.
Do not require any modification to the ship’s
existing equipment
Methods:
Flow through method: pumping to overflow
Dilution method: ballasts filled through the top allowing discharge from the bottom
Sequential: each ballast is emptied and refilled

13. Ballast Water Management
D-1 Standard
Ballast Water Exchange
Disadvantages:
Its implementation gives rise to a number of practical problems
The operation is laborious
The sequence may endanger the strength of the structure.
Needs favourable sea and swell conditions,…
Safety of the ship is paramount

14. Ballast Water Management
Water Ballast exchange – Safety issues

15. Ballast Water Management
D-2 Standard
Ballast Water Performance
Discharge water shall contain:
Less than 10 viable organisms / m3 that are greater than or equal to 50 µm in minimum dimension; and
Less than 10 viable organisms / ml that are less than 50 µm in minimum dimension that are greater than or equal to 10 µm in minimum dimension; and
Discharge of the indicator microbes must not
exceed the specified concentrations.
Method:
Use of ballast treatment systems

16. Ballast Water Management
Example of Ballast Treatment Systems
Physical solid-liquid separation
Surface filtration
Cyclonic Separation
Floculation/Coagulation
Desinfection
Ozone sterilisation
Chlorination
Ultraviolet
Thermal devices
Add Biocides
And any combination of the above

17. Ballast Water Management
Approval requirements for Ballast Treatment Systems
Ballast Water Treatment (BWT) systems shall be granted a Type Approval Certificate delivered by national Administrations.

18. Ballast Water Management
IMO GESAMP-BWWG
BWMS making use of Active Substances shall be granted a specific approval by IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee.
The procedure described in the IMO guidelines (G9) is a two-step approach:
Basic Approval that may be granted on the sole basis of lab scale data.
Final Approval that may be granted provided that full-scale experiments
The GESAMP-BWWG* evaluates the application according to (G9) and reports its conclusions and recommendations to IMO-MEPC.
*Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection”

19. Ballast Water Management
Some basic approval already granted by the GESAMP

20. Ballast Water Management
Final approval already granted by the GESAMP
Final approval + Type Approved

21. Ballast Water Management
Survey process

22. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Periodicity
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
+/-
3 months
Initial Survey
Annual Survey
Annual Intermediate Survey
Renewal Survey ▲

23. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Main points
Plan approval
examining the design and construction
(regulation B-5)
examining the ballast water management plan (Ref to BV ND/DT1/352/AJT) (Nota 1)
approving the ballast water management plan when delegated by the Flag Administration
examination of plans for the installation of ballast water management systems (regulation D-3)
if applicable, examination of plans for the installation of prototype ballast water treatment technologies (regulation D-4)

24. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Nota 1
Ballast Water Management Plan
Details safety procedures for the ship and the crew
Describes of the actions to be taken to implement the Ballast Water Management requirements
Details the procedures for the disposal of Sediments
Contains procedures for coordinating shipboard Ballast Water Management with the authorities
Designates the officer in charge
Contains the reporting requirements
Approved by or on behalf of the Administration
Written in the working language of the ship
Available in English

25. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Main points
Initial survey - Documentation
confirming that the Ballast Water Management Plan has been provided
confirming that the Ballast Water Record Book has been provided
Where a Ballast Water Management System is provided:
BWM System Approved (Type Approval Certificate)
Operations and technical manual for the BWM System provided
specific to the ship and
approved by the Administration
Equipment manuals for major components provided
Installation specifications provided
Installation commissioning procedures provided
Initial calibration procedures provided

26. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Main points to be checked
Initial survey
BWMS in conformity with the Type Approval Certificate
BWMS installation carried out in accordance with the technical installation specification
BWMS installation carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s equipment specification
BWMS installation carried out in accordance with approved drawings
Sampling facilities provided
Control and Monitoring Equipment operates correctly
Sufficient active substances are provided on board (when applicable)
Confirming the satisfactory installation and operation of the BWMS, including any audible or visual alarms

27. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Main points to be checked
Periodical survey - Documentation
Check that a valid IBWM Certificate is on board
Check that the ballast water management procedure is carried out as outlined in the Ballast Water Management Plan (BWMP)
Check that BWM Plan is approved by/on behalf of the Administration
Check that the details of any ballast water operations carried out are recorded in the Ballast Water Record Book (Nota 2)
The Ballast Water Record Book must be an approved format

28. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Nota 2
Ballast Water record book
Each operation shall be fully recorded
Each entry shall be signed by the officer in charge
Entries are made in a working language of the ship (English translation required)

29. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Main points to be checked
Periodical survey
Where a Ballast Water Management System is provided:
Examining externally the ballast water treatment system and confirming, as far as practicable its satisfactory operation
Confirming that, if applicable, active substances in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations are provided on board
Confirming that, if applicable, dosage instruction for active substance or preparations are available on board
Examining the ballast water management system for obvious defects, deterioration or damage including examining associated pumps, piping and fittings for wear and corrosion

30. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Main points to be checked
Renewal survey
Where a Ballast Water Management System is provided:
Confirming, by simulated test or equivalent, the satisfactory operation of the ballast water management systems
Confirming that an analysis of discharge sample taken less than six months before the expiry date of the certificate, has been completed
Verifying that the results of the analysis show compliance with the performance standard of regulation D-2
If applicable, confirming, if necessary by simulated test or equivalent, the satisfactory operation of the ballast water management systems

31. Ballast Water Management
Survey – Main points to be checked
Renewal survey
Sediment deposits in a ship’s double bottom mainly in the hopper side tank section where the water column is deepest and thus accumulation greatest.
Sediment collects on the bottom and bilge shell outboard of bottom internals and particularly if drainage is poor, Once allowed to accumulate it congeals and stratifies.

32. Ballast Water Management
Survey – detainable deficiencies
Absence of a IBWM Certificate;
Absence of a BW Management Plan;
Absence of a BW Record Book;
The vessel or its equipment does not correspond with the particulars of the IBWM Certificate;
The designated personnel are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures
To ballast water management procedures have been implemented on board.

33. Ballast Water Management