1. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five1 Indicators of Good Research How do I know that what I have done will be credible in the research world?

2. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five2 Understanding ‘Credibility’ Credibility: The quality, capability, or power to elicit belief

3. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five3 Working with Indicators Understanding appropriate credibility indicators is crucial to: critically reviewing relevant literature reflexively designing sound methodologies

4. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five4 Questions for Assessing Credibility Have subjectivities been managed? Are methods approached with consistency? Has ‘true essence’ been captured? Are findings applicable outside the immediate frame of reference? Can the research be verified?

5. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five5 Managing Subjectivities Objectivity - conclusions based on observable phenomena; not influenced by emotions, personal prejudices, or subjectivities

6. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five6 Managing Subjectivities Neutrality - subjectivities recognised and negotiated in a manner that attempts to avoid biasing results / conclusions

7. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five7 Managing Subjectivities Subjectivity with transparency - acceptance and disclosure of subjective positioning and how it might impact the research process including conclusions drawn

8. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five8 Consistency in Methods Reliability - concerned with internal consistency, that is whether data / results collected, measured, or generated are the same under repeated trials

9. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five9 Consistency in Methods Dependability - accepts that reliability in studies of the social may not be possible, but attests that methods that are systematic, well documented, and designed to account for research subjectivities

10. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five10 Capturing True Essence Validity - concerned with truth value; that is whether conclusions are ‘correct’. Also considers whether methods, approaches and techniques actually relate to what you are exploring

11. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five11 Capturing True Essence Authenticity - concerned with truth value while recognizing that multiple truths may exist. Also concerned with describing the deep structure of experience/ phenomenon in a manner that is ‘true’ to the experience

12. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five12 Applicability of Findings Generalizability - whether findings and/or conclusions from a sample, setting, or group are directly applicable to a larger population, a different setting, or to another group

13. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five13 Applicability of Findings Transferability - whether findings and/or conclusions from a sample, setting, or group lead to lessons learned that may be germane to a larger population, a different setting, or to another group

14. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five14 Verifying Research Reproducibility - concerned with whether results/conclusions would be supported if the same methodology was used in a different study with the same/similar context

15. O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Five15 Verifying Research Auditability - accepts the importance of the research context and therefore seeks full explication of methods to allow others to see how and why the researchers arrived at their conclusions