1. Washington, Adams, & The New Nation
Period 3:
Washington, Adams,
&
The New Nation

2. Reading Assignment #1 Articles of Confederation Ordinance of 1784
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
“Empire of Liberty”
Shay’s Rebellion

3. Articles of Confederation
First blueprint for a national government in the United States
Written as soon as the Declaration of Independence was drafted
Created a very weak national government
Only one branch of government – legislative
Each state had one vote
All states had to agree to any amendments
Placed power in the hands of the legislative branch and maintained property qualifications for voting and citizenship

4. Video: Shays’ Rebellion
Take notes on the issues involved in this crisis

5. Reading Assignment #2 Large vs. small state debate Federalism
Checks and balances
Separation of Powers
Limited government
Popular sovereignty
Individual Rights
3/5s clause
The Preamble

6. Constitutional Convention is called in 1787
In total agreement to:
Hold meetings in secret
Trash the Articles and start over
Debated the proper balance between liberty and order.
Relied a great deal on the principle of natural rights as expressed in John Locke’s writings.
Compromises:
Representation in two houses of Congress (bicameral)
House of Representation based on population
Senate based on equal representation
Commerce: Tariff on imports but not exports
3/5s: How to count slaves in the population count.
The Northern and Southern states disagreed on each issue.

7. Reading Assignment #3 The Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalists Bill of Rights
Complete the attached chart.
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8. Complete the activity on the Federalists and the Anti-federalists
Which quotes were written by a Federalist and which were written by an Anti-Federalist?

9. Reading Assignment #4 Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Bank of the United States
Report on Manufactures
Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan
“strict Constructionists”
“loose Constructionists”
Jefferson/Hamilton Compromise
French Revolution
Federalists and Republicans
Whiskey Rebellion of 1794
Jay’s Treaty 1794
Proclamation of Neutrality
Pinckney's Treaty

10. Washington’s Foreign Issues
Continued presence of European powers in North America challenged The United States to find ways to
protect its borders
maintain neutral trading rights
promote its economic interests.
As the impact of the French Revolution (patterned after the American Revolution) spread throughout Europe
the US was pressured to choose a side and join the fight
Washington insisted that the U.S. stay out of the conflict.
Proclamation of Neutrality
Permanent alliance between France and the US
complicated the issue.

11. Temporary Solution
Rivalry between Britain and France shaped a great deal of early American history.
Both nations began to impress our ships hoping to force the US to take a stand.
Jay’s Treaty 1794
Jay was supposed to negotiate an agreement with Britain to stop impressment.
Instead, Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier as they were supposed to have done in 1783.
Created a public controversy
Pinckney’s Treaty
gives US access to the Mississippi River

12. Washington’s Domestic Issues
Quickly stopped a tax rebellion in Pennsylvania (Whiskey Rebellion)
proving the power of the new national government.
Formation of the two party system.
Federalists and Republicans
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
Adoption of Hamilton’s financial plan.
Split between Hamilton and Jefferson
nearly tanks the new nation.
Increased newspaper circulation made more people aware of issues
Beginnings of the stirrings for Women’s Rights.

13. Reading Assignment #5 Washington’s Farewell Address Election of 1796
XYZ Affair
Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
Haitian Revolution
Quasi-War

14. Primary Document
Read a portion of Washington’s Farewell Address and identify the things that he warns the American people about.

15. Election of 1796
Adams received 71 electoral votes to Jefferson’s 68 and became the next president.
Jefferson felt he had been robbed.
As per the constitution at that time
Jefferson became Adams’ vice-president and the two did not work well together.
Votes had been along section lines
with the Northern ballots for Adams and the Southern for Jefferson.
Adams was now the leader of a divided nation and had trouble throughout his presidency.

16. Adams Foreign issues
Adams continued to deal with the European pressures that had faced Washington with American public opinion still supporting the French people.
He sends American diplomats to France to negotiate a settlement concerning impressment.
Diplomats are met by three French officials who demand a bribe before they will talk. (XYZ Affair)
Opinion of France changes immediately as US and France remain in a “quasi-war) for the next two years.

17. Adams’ Domestic issues
Adams increasingly becomes more and more paranoid concerning the opposition party (Republican)
In an attempt to remove his opponents from power he sees to the issue of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
These two acts are serious violations of individual rights and will be eventually declared unconstitutional.
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions are issued that stress the “nullification theory” that the individual states have the power to nullify a federal law if they feel it is unconstitutional.
Citizens begin to call for an end to slavery and the expansion of self-government to women and other minorities.

18. Reading Assignment #6 Paxton Boys Battle of Fallen Timbers
Scots-Irish settlement
Frontier vs. Tidewater Virginia
California settlement in California

19. Regional Identities emerge
As national political institutions developed in the new US
varying regionally based positions on economic, political, social, and foreign policy issues promoted the development of political parties.
The expansion of slavery in the lower South and adjacent western lands, and its gradual disappearance elsewhere,
began to create distinctive regional attitudes toward the institution.
Enlightenment ideas and women’s experiences in the movement for independence
promoted an ideal of “republican motherhood”
which called on white women to maintain and teach republican values within the family and granted women a new importance in American political culture.