1. 1 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Nick Simos NSLS2 Ground Motion and Vibration Studies

2. 2 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES OBJECTIVE Based on experience data (including measurements at operating facilities) integrated with large-scale, state- of-the-art computational models: make the best possible estimate as to what the vibration levels will be once the NSLS II structure is placed on the “ green-field ” assist in the optimization of the design of a “ quiet ” facility (treatment of in-house sources, disruption of vibration paths, structural interfaces, mat thicknesses, etc.)

3. 3 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES BASIC APPROACH QUANTIFY the vibration criteria which key elements of the NSLS2 (ring and experimental lines) MUST meet Establish the “ green-field ” conditions at the NSLS2 site Make the link between the “ green-field ” and the NSLS2 infrastructure using –“ experience ” data –state-of-the-art computational methods (the only available tool)  and as a result estimate vibration levels on the ring and experimental floor identify structural provisions ensuring stability requirements

4. 4 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES NSLS2 Vibration Environment & Source Identification

5. 5 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES NSLS II Site Field Studies NSLS II Subsurface Characterization Well-settled; stable sands (~870 ft/s Vs) Water table ~ 30 ft below grade

6. 6 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES PHASE I & II Using CFN Facility to help identify Cultural noise and filtering effects

7. 7 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES PHASE III: NSLS II ground motion environment

8. 8 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Comparison with other “ green-field ” sites Spring-8 free-field conditions are remarkably “ quiet ” due to rocky subsurface HOWEVER, as shown later, rock is both a blessing and a detriment

9. 9 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Field Studies at Relevant Facilities CFN Same site conditions as well as natural ground motion and cultural vibration Benchmarking of ground motion filtering (foundation interaction with ground motion) APS & SPring-8 Quantification of in-house generated noise Effectiveness of noise-arrest schemes Identification of “ achieved ” vibration levels for ring and experimental floor (including spatial variability)

10. 10 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES CFN – Filtering of Motion Power & Response spectra on Floor Slab

11. 11 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES APS: Operating Systems & Induced Vibration Goal: establish attenuation characteristics

12. 12 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES APS – Vibration Conditions on Ring and Experimental Floor

13. 13 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Spring-8 Experimental Floor

14. 14 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Spring-8 Experimental Floor

15. 15 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Spring-8 Experimental Floor

16. 16 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Spring-8 Experimental Floor

17. 17 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Spring-8 Mechanical Motion Attenuation

18. 18 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES NSLS II Vibration Analysis Field data  Modeling

19. 19 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES The challenge is to best estimate the transfer of the measured “ green-field ” ground motion ? Measured Free-field Vibration at NSLS2 site Resultant field dependent on type of waves arriving at site BNL site with deep sand  primarily RAYLEIGH Waves

20. 20 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Qualitative assessment of ground motion filtering NSLS II structure neither RIGID nor simple TRUE interaction can only be established through detailed, comprehensive wave interaction analysis

21. 21 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Computed Ground Motion Filtering Input Power Spectra = actual record from the NSLS II site Transfer Function H(w) = extracted from the wave propagation and scattering analysis Analysis represents the computing of the transient response to an impulse (white noise) – USE of explicit formulation that enables the analysis of very large problems Rayleigh waves are primarily generated and propagated toward the NSLS II structure

22. 22 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES NSLS II Ground Motion Filtering due to the presence of the structure Analysis CONFIRMED that placement of NSLS II infrastructure will reduce the “ green-field ” ground vibration conditions

23. 23 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES NSLS II Operations Cultural noise generation/minimization

24. 24 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Interface Options: Service Building and RING/Experimental Floor

25. 25 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Revised Baseline Option Service building partition/isolation

26. 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Attenuation of mechanical motion Input Power Spectra = actual recordings at Spring-8 and APS mechanical rooms (pumps; chillers, etc.) Transfer Functions = extracted from the detailed analysis

27. 27 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES How do we ensure that the computational models are leadings us to correct estimates?

28. 28 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Validation of Mathematical Model & Processes Comparing with THEORETICAL Model/Results Radiating Boundary Verification Rayleigh wave field verification

29. 29 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Validation of Mathematical Model & Processes Comparing with EXPERIMENTAL Results Prediction of complex system below performed using same computational procedures and software

30. 30 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Benchmarking against dedicated tests APS Access Corridor and Experimental Floor measured predicted

31. 31 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Noise Suppression for NSLS2 Sensitive Lines

32. 32 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Vibration Isolation of Far Line

33. 33 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Power and Spatial Correlation on the Experimental Floor Point A Point B Stationary motions describing vibration environment

34. 34 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES SUMMARY Field vibration studies confirmed that the stability limits set for NSLS II (<25 nm; 4-50 Hz) are satisfied by the selected site Field studies at operating facilities have provided realistic levels of in- house generated vibration as well as motion attenuation characteristics Studies at other facilities also provided a good understanding of what measures for noise suppression work and can be implemented into the design of NSLS II The use of benchmarked, large-scale dynamic analysis models combined with data recorded at other facilities have provided a powerful tool for assessing the anticipated motion at the NSLS II experimental and ring floors The combined computational model/actual noise data also provide the means to optimize The in-house noise suppression The ring and/or experimental floor thicknesses

35. 35 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES PATH FORWARD Utilize the newly installed network of ground motion measuring stations to monitor both the long-term vibration stability of the site as well as its spatial variation Expand the site vibration study to include slow ground motions (low frequency end of the spectrum) and assess their space and time coherence for the NSLS II site Continue to fine-tune the large-scale vibration analysis models based on specific and NSLS II-related field tests as well as on data generated at similar but operating Complete the optimization of the NSLS II ring and experimental floor thicknesses (especially parts of exp. floor with extra-sensitive beam lines) Assess the effectiveness of noise suppression features for implementation and integration into the final NSLS II design