1. Chapter 4 Leadership Slides developed by Ronald W. Toseland
State University of New York at Albany

2. Leadership The process of guiding the group
Task leaders help members achieve goals
Relationship leaders meet the socio-emotional needs of members
Leadership is not static
Reciprocal, transactional, transformational, cooperative and adaptive

3. Two Types of Leadership
The designated leader(s)
The indigenous leader(s)
Stimulate and support indigenous leadership
Members begin to feel they have power, influence, control and a stake in the group outcome
Exercises their abilities; build self-esteem
Gender and indigenous leadership

4. Power and Leadership Two kinds of power
Actual power
Attributed power
Attributed power –perception among group members and others outside the group
Workers’ ability to lead

5. Power and Leadership
Comes from a variety of sources: professional status, education, & organizational position
Boundaries between leader and member roles, fees for service, leader accounts for the group’s success

6. Actual Power Connection power Expert power Information power
Legitimate power
Reference power
Reward power
Coercive power

7. Methods for Sharing Power
Encourage member-to-member rather than member-to-leader communication
Ask for members’ input into the agenda and future direction of the group
Support indigenous leadership when it starts to occur –except if leader is a bully/gang leader
Encourage attempts at mutual sharing and mutual aid among members
Model and teach selected leadership skills early in the group
Use naturally occurring events in the group to encourage leadership (ex. a member’s specific knowledge on a particular topic)

8. Theories of Group Leadership
Old model – laissez-faire, democratic, autocratic
Newer models – situational, interactive, transformative

9. Factors Influencing Group Leadership
Leadership expectations of members
Way leadership was obtained
Competition between designated and indigenous leadership
Needs, tasks, and goals of the group as a whole
The task and socio-emotional skills of members
The nature of authority in and outside the group
The environmental demands placed on the group

10. Interactive Group Leadership
No one model of group leadership
Leadership depends on
Purpose of the group
Type of problem
The environment
Physical setting, agency and organization, social environment

11. Interactive Group Leadership
The group as a whole
Size and physical arrangements
Time limits
Group dynamics
Open and closed membership
Stages of group development

12. Interactive Group Leadership
The group members
Members’ characteristics
Extent of participation
The group leader
Power base; skill level
Personality
Service technology

13. Group Leadership Skills
Facilitating group processes
Attending and responding to others
Expressing self
Focusing group communication
Making group processes explicit
Clarifying content
Cuing, blocking and guiding interaction

14. Group Leadership Skills
Data gathering and assessment
Identifying thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Requesting information, questioning, and probing
Summarizing and partializing
Synthesizing thoughts, feelings and actions
Analyzing information

15. Group Leadership Skills
Action
Supporting
Reframing and redefining
Linking members’ communications
Directing
Giving advise, suggestions, instructions

16. Group Leadership Skills
Providing resources
Disclosure
Modeling, role playing, rehearsing and coaching
Confronting
Resolving Conflicts

17. Leadership Style What is your leadership style?
Leadership Comfort Scale
Beliefs About Structure Scale
How Members Achieve Change Scale

18. Co-leadership Benefits of Co-leadership Source of support
Feedback and professional development
Training for inexperienced leaders
Communication, interaction, dispute resolution
Assistance during therapeutic interventions
Help setting limits and structuring the group

19. Co-leadership Disadvantages More expensive
Need to coordinate planning between meetings
Need to act as models
Conflict and tension can occur between seasoned and new leaders
Conflict can negatively affect group outcomes

20. Issues Co-leaders Should Talk Over
Leadership style
Strengths and weaknesses
How you believe people change and how you will intervene
Expectations for group accomplishments
Your roles in the group