1. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. Lecture 1 - Introduction to Android

2. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Android Architecture 2 Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org

3. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Android Architecture  Linux kernel  AOSP  Runtime  Libraries  Application framework  Applications 3

4. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Linux Kernel 4  Patches on top of mainline Linux  Android Mainlining Project  Wakelocks (also added to Linux 3.5)  Low-Memory Killer, Binder, Alarm, Logger, etc.  Only suspend to memory

5. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Android Runtime 5  Dalvik Virtual Machine (Java VM)  Runs Dalvik-specific byte-code generated from Java-based apps, system components  Apache Harmony project (implementation of Java libraries)  Designed for embedded systems (slow CPU, small RAM, no swap, battery)  Works with.dex files instead of.jar files  Dalvik Executable Format .dex is 50% smaller than corresponding.jar

6. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Android Runtime 6

7. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Libraries 7  bioniC (libc)  Much smaller than glibc  sqlite  Managing SQL databases  OpenGL ES  Standard software interface for 3D processing hardware  WebKit  Display web pages  Android, Apple iOS, BlackBerry, Tizen  SSL  Securing the communication over Internet

8. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Application Framework 8  Services  Managers  Telephony  Location  Activity  Package  Notification  Content Providers

9. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Application Framework 9

10. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Application components 10  User interaction  Activities  Background functionality  Services  Broadcast Receivers  Content Providers

11. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Activity 11  User interface  Similar to a window from window-based GUIs  Cannot be minimized, maximized, resized  Uses the whole visual area  User interacts with a single activity at a time  Activities stack  Activities launch other activities  Back button for returning to the previous activity  No forward button  Start activities with intents

12. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Activity Lifecycle 12

13. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Service 13  Background thread  Runs in the same process as the application  Can be configured to run in another process  Provide services to the other applications  Communication through the Binder

14. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Broadcast Receiver 14  Receive broadcast announcements  Low battery  Reboot  Application state changes  Can receive global or local broadcasts  Choose which broadcasts to receive  Intent filters  Intents  Active only when receiving a broadcast

15. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Content Provider 15  Store and share application data  Required for sharing data  Relational database  URI for identifying the provider and the table  Content Resolver uses the URI to send a query to the provider  Active only when responding to a request

16. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Intents 16  Send message, determine action execution  Purpose  Start activities, start or bind services  Delivering broadcast messages to receivers  Dispatched by the Android system  Includes action and data  ACTION DIAL content://contacts/people/1  Types  Explicit: directed towards a specific receiver  Implicit: a receiver which can resolve the action

17. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Binder 17  Lightweight RPC  Remote object invocation  In process and interprocess  Transmit parcels of data  Synchronous calls (blocking)

18. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime SDK Tools 18  Android SDK Manager  Download SDK packages  AVD Manager  Manages Android Virtual Devices (for emulator)  Emulator  Virtual mobile devices running on a PC  Dalvik Debug Monitor Server ( ddms )  Debugging tool  Port forwarding, screen capture, call and SMS spoofing, location spoofing, etc.

19. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime SDK Tools 19  Android Debug Bridge ( adb )  Communication between the development tools and (virtual) device  dx  Generates the classes.dex file from several.class files  Android Interface Definition Language ( aidl )  To allow clients from another application to access your service  Generates interfaces and stubs that are used by the Binder  Android Asset Packaging Tool ( aapt )  Create, update and view Zip-compatible archives (zip, apk, jar)  Compile resources into binary assets (XML files, etc.)  dexdump  Disassembler tool  Obtain the Dalvik bytecode from classes.dex

20. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Android Debug Bridge 20  Three components  Client: runs on the development machine  Server: background process on the development machine  Daemon: background process on the (virtual) device  Copy files  Install applications  Debug  Shell on the (virtual) device

21. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Emulator 21  QEMU  Screen, Keyboard, Network, Audio, GPS, Radio  Can be accelerated through virtualization  x86 System Image  Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager (HAXM) on Windows  KVM on Linux  GPU accelerated

22. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Bibliography 22  Karim Yaghmour, Embedded Android: Porting, Extending, and Customizing, Chapter 2  http://developer.android.com/guide/components/activiti es.html  http://developer.android.com/guide/components/service s.html  http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/co ntent-providers.html  http://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents -filters.html  http: //developer.android.com/tools/help/index.html

23. Laura Gheorghe, Petre Eftime Keywords 23  Linux kernel  AOSP  Android Runtime  Libraries  Activities  Services  Broadcast Receivers  Content Providers  Intents  Binders  ADB  Emulator