1. You need your review sheet out on your desk.

2. Texas History Spring semester examination review

3. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876

4. secede To withdraw from something, such as a nation

5. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 Abraham Lincoln The president of the United States during the Civil War

6. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 Eli Whitney Invented the cotton gin in 1793

7. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 abolitionist A person who wanted to end slavery

8. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 slavery The idea that one person can own another person

9. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 States’ rights The idea that states have the right to limit the power of the federal government

10. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 blockade The closing of a port by positioning ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

11. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 reconstruction The federal government’s plan to restore the South to the Union after the Civil War

12. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 sharecropper A farm worker who works someone else’s land and pays for its use by giving the landowner a share of the crops grown

13. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 amendment Formal change to a document

14. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 Freedmen’s Bureau Protected newly freed slaves from violence and black codes Provided food, healthcare, jobs, and schools

15. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 Black Codes Severely limited the rights of African Americans

16. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 What is significant about the Constitution of 1876? It is still the constitution Texas uses today. It limited the power of the governor

17. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 What did the cotton gin do? How did the cotton gin increase the number of slaves in the south? Made it easier to separate the seeds from the bolls Made cotton farming more profitable allowing plantation owners to plant more cotton creating a “need” for more slaves

18. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 What was the economy of Texas like during Reconstruction? It was growing

19. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 What was the Kansas Nebraska Act? Gave people of Kansas and Nebraska the right to decide if their states would allow slavery (went against the Missouri Compromise of 1820)

20. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 What were the 4 causes of the Civil War? sectionalism States’ rights slavery Tariffs (taxes)

21. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 What were some of the disadvantages the south had during the war and what were some of the advantages of the North during the war? South ~ fewer soldiers ~ fewer weapons ~ b“locked” in North ~ more soldiers ~ trained soldiers ~ more supplies ~ manufacturing

22. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 What happened to Abraham Lincoln in 1865? John Wilkes Booth assassinated (killed) him.

23. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 What did Texas have to do to rejoin the Union after the war? Set up temporary governments End slavery Declare secession illegal Adult white males had to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S.

24. Chapter 12: The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876 How were African Americans’ rights limited and protected during Reconstruction? Black Codes limited Freedmen’s Bureau helped to protect

25. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888

26. treaty A formal agreement between two nations

27. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 quarantine To isolate or separate to prevent the spread of disease

28. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 vaqueros Spanish cowboys

29. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 Joseph Glidden Invented barbed wire

30. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 Buffalo Soldiers African American soldiers who helped fight against the Native Americans

31. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 Why did ranchers brand cattle? To show ownership

32. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 What ended cattle drives? Railroad Fencing Goat ranching Other states refused to allow Texas cattle in

33. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 How did the Civil War change the cattle industry in Texas? Union soldiers went home asking for beef

34. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 What were two methods that the U.S. government used to force Native Americans onto the reservations? promise to feed and supply the Indians on the reservations Killing the buffalo

35. Chapter 13: Closing the Frontier 1866-1888 Why did the defense along the frontier weaken during the Civil War? Soldiers went to fight during the war

36. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s

37. irrigation An artificial way to supply water to land

38. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Commercial agriculture The growing of crops for sale in order to make a profit

39. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Cottonseed oil Oil from cottonseeds

40. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Tenant farmer Person who rents a plot of land from its owner and pays for its use with a share of the crop

41. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Open range Vast area of undeveloped public land held by the state government for future sale

42. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Cycle of debt Overproduction led to low prices =

43. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s What was the Big Die Up? What affect did it have on ranching? Thousands of cattle died at the fence line trying to escape harsh weather Marked beginning of modern ranching

44. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s How did the railroads affect farming and ranching in Texas? Faster to ship out of state Easier to reach markets in the east Easier to move into west Texas

45. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s What factors made it hard for tenant farmers? Overproduction Low prices Cycle of debt Couldn’t pay loans

46. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s What is the main cash crop in Texas? What is the 2 nd highest cash crop in Texas?

47. Chapter 14: Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s Explain the fence cutting wars. What did the Texas legislation do to end the Fence Cutting Wars? Fences cut off public roads and water supplies smaller farmers and ranchers became angry and cut through the fences to access these roads and water supplies Now a felony to cut a person’s fence