1. Properties of Matter Physical and Chemical Properties

2. What are properties?

3. All substances have properties… Including people!
Example:
People can be identified by their …
Face (shape, expressions)
Voice
Height
Finger prints
Eye color
Hair color
Teeth
DNA

4. What are properties?
Characteristics used to describe an object
Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness
video

6. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space!
Matter refers to the “stuff”
(atoms, molecules” that things are made up of).

7. Properties of Matter- Words to Know…

8. Volume
The amount of space that matter occupies.

9. Mass A measure of how much matter is in an object. Mass is constant
Mass is also the measure of inertia
Inertia– resistance a to change in motion.

10. Weight A measure of the force of gravity on an object. W = mg
Weight = mass x gravity
Gravity is an acceleration.
Gravity is different at
Different locations:
Ex: Earth and Moon.

11. Mass and Weight are not the same thing!
Mass measures amount of matter in an object.
Weight measures force of gravity on an object.

12. Weight The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object
Weight changes with gravity
The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

13. Weight formula 1 kg = 2.2 pounds
Weight is mass times gravity (9.8 m/s2)
W= m x g
What is your mass?
What is your weight in Newtons?

14. Density
The measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume.
Density =Mass/Volume
I Density

15. A B

16. A B Same volume, different amount of mass (matter, molecules)
More mass per volume = higher density.

17. Density
Density can be used to identify a substance because it does not depend on the amount of the material
Density of water is
1.0 g/mL or 1.0 g/cm3
Anything with a density lower than 1.0 g/mL will float in water.
Anything with a density higher than 1.0 g/mL will sink in water.

18. Density
To find the density of a material the mass and volume are needed.
Mass is measured with balance.
Finding the volume of an object depends whether it is regular shaped or irregular shaped.
If the object has a regular shape, then use
V = L x W x H
If the object has an irregular shape, then use the process of water displacement.
Add water to a graduated cylinder, record the volume.
Put the object inside the water, record the volume.
Find the difference in volume.

19. Density Practice Problems
Finding the density.
Finding the mass.
Finding the Volume.

20. Density
1. The density of gold is known to be g/cm3. Your aunt gave you a “gold” chain for your birthday. It has a volume of 1.40 cm3 and a mass of g. What is its density? Is it really gold?

21. Density
2. You were given a block of material with the dimensions of cm x 4.10 cm x 0.59 cm. It has a mass of g. What is its density? What is the block made of?

22. Lab: Densities of Soda Cans
You may not write on the lab paper do everything in your CNB.
Write the title.
Copy the table in the lab sheet.
Ms. Motisi will do the demo.
Answer questions in the table and 1-8.

25. Analysis Cont. 4. volume of regular soda: _______
volume of diet soda: _______
5. mass of regular soda: _______
mass of diet soda: _______
6. Calculate the density of both sodas.
density of regular soda: _______
density of diet soda: _______
7. Compare the density of each soda to that of water.
8. Explain the results using the density.

26. Properties of Matter cont.
Matter is made up of atoms – the building blocks of matter.
There are different kinds of atoms.
Atoms of the same kind make up an element.
Ex: Gold (Au), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C).
Elements combined chemically to form compounds.
Ex:
H2O – water
CO2 – Carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 – Glucose
Everything that you see around may be made up of pure elements, pure compounds, or mixtures of elements and compounds.

27. Compound
A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.
Water and salt are 2 examples of compounds.
Sodium Chloride

28. Properties of matter Matter has observable and measurable qualities.
Properties of matter can be classified into two groups:
Physical properties.
Chemical properties.

29. Why are properties of matter important?
We can use characteristic properties to identify substances.

30. Physical Properties
Characteristics of a substance that can be observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else.
Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter.
Hardness
Texture
Color
Odor
Taste
Temperature

31. More EXAMPLES - Physical
freezing point, boiling point, melting point, magnetism, viscosity, density, luster, solubility, and thermal and electrical conductivity.

32. Density
The ratio of mass to volume of a substance remains constant regardless of the size or amount.
Density is a characteristic property of matter and can be used to identify substances.

33. Malleability
The ability of an object to be molded into different shapes.
Example – metals.
Opposite – Brittle, not flexible.

34. Ductility
The ability of an object to be drawn into thin wires without losing strength.
Metals are ductile.

35. Luster
The way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock, or mineral. 
Materials that have luster – are shiny.
Dull – not shiny

36. Viscosity Viscosity - The resistance of a liquid to flowing. Examples:
Low viscosity-water, rubbing alcohol
High viscosity-honey

37. Solubility + Ability to dissolve in other substances.
A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.
If something dissolves it is soluble.
If something does NOT dissolve it is insoluble.
Solution
Solute – solvent
Solvent
Solvent – solvent
Solute
Solute – solute +

38. Freezing point The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.
Different substances have different freezing point.
The freezing point of water is 0ºC.

39. Melting point The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
The melting point of water is 0ºC

40. Boiling point
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it turns into a gas.
The boiling point of water is 100ºC.

41. Boiling and Melting/Freezing Points of some substances
Boiling Point
Freezing/Melting Point
Aluminium
2,519
660.3
Argon
-185.8
189.2
Butane -1
-140
Calcium
1,484
842
Carbon
4,827
3,550
Carbon Dioxide
-57
-78
Cobalt
2,870
1,495
Copper
2,562
1,085
Neon
-246
-248.6
Nickel
2,913
1,455
Nitrogen
-195.8
-210
Oxygen
-183
-218.8
Phosphorus
280.5
44.2
Platinum
3,825
1,768
Plutonium
3,232
639.4
Potassium
758.8
63.4
Propane
-42
-188
Radium
1,140
699.8
Radon
-61.9
-71.2
Sea Water
100.7 -2
Silicon
2,357
1,414
Silver
2,162
961.8
Sodium
882.8
97.7
Sulphur
444.7
115.2
Sulphuric Acid
337
10.3
Tin
2,603
231.9
Titanium
3,287
1,668
Uranium
4,131
1,132
Water
100
Zinc
907
419.5
Boiling and Melting/Freezing Points of some substances

42. Magnetic properties Ability to be attracted by a magnet.
Objects composed of iron and alloys of iron (steel), cobalt, and nickel are attracted to magnets. They will be pulled toward the magnet.
Not all metals are attracted to magnets. Aluminum does not respond as strongly to a magnet as iron.

43. Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
Electrical conductivity is a measure of how well a material conducts electricity.
Thermal conductivity is a measure of how well a material conducts heat.
Materials that conduct electricity or heat well have high conductivity and are called conductors.
Materials that conduct electricity or heat poorly have low conductivity and are called insulators.

44. States of Matter State of matters:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
The state of matter in which a substance is found is a physical property.
Substances (elements and compounds) can move from one phase to another phase when special physical forces are present. This is a physical change not a chemical change.

45. States of Matter

46. Phase changes of Water

47. Chemical Properties
characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical composition.
Flammability
Combustibility
Reactivity (with water or other substances)
Rusting (oxidation, reactivity with oxygen)
pH (a measure of how acidic or basic something is)

48. Flammability
Flammability is the ability of matter to burn in the presence of oxygen.
Alcohol is flammable; iron is not.

49. Combustibility
Combustibility - a measure of how easily a substance will set on fire.

50. Flammability and Combustibility
A material that is flammable catches on fire from a minimal source.
For example, propane can catch fire from just a tiny spark. A material that is combustible is any material that will burn but requires a more dominant source.
For example, wood is combustible, it burns, but it needs more than just a spark to do so.
All flammable material are combustible but not all combustible material are flammable.

51. Reactivity
Reactivity is the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances.
For example, iron is highly reactive with oxygen.
When it combines with oxygen, it forms the reddish powder called rust. Rust is not iron but an entirely different substance that consists of both iron and oxygen (a new compound, ferrous oxide).

52. Properties of matter – can be intensive or extensive.
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Examples: boiling point, density and state of matter.
Extensive properties do depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Examples: volume, mass, weight, and size.
Intensive properties are useful in identifying a substance because they remain the same no matter how much of it you have.

53. Why are physical and chemical properties important?
Chemical and Physical Properties of a substance are independent of the size of the sample and never change.
For this reason, scientists can use them to identify, compare, and classify matter.

54. Use your book to do this worksheet then glue it to in your CNB.