2. AP United States History Unit 2 A New Nation

3. America after the Revolution Nationalism Growth of Nationalism. Defined. Pride in or devotion to one’s country Pride in or devotion to one’s country. Unlike other revolutions, nationalism develops during the conflict with Britain, but not before it. Common sacrifices, experiences, and battles Common sacrifices, experiences, and battles help to solidify America. The Spirit of ‘76 http://www.fifedrum.org/webring/spiritof76_medium.jpg

4. America after the Revolution Colonists think of themselves as a separate society. Distinct from Europe based on society, economics, and attitudes. landed nobility No landed nobility, no kings, and a belief in the equality of man. educated and liberal More educated and liberal. middle-class Many come from the middle-class. Benjamin Franklin http://www.synthstuff.com/mt/archives/ben_franklin.jpg

5. America after the Revolution Local ties remain predominant Local ties remain predominant. Most Americans still consider themselves as citizens of their states, not as Americans. Belief that the sovereignty of the state was more important than that of the power of the central government. Would prove to be a problem later. Map of the 13 Colonies http://www.gibbs-smith.com/textbooks/downloads/13colonies/map.gif

6. America after the Revolution United in name only. Issues included: Western land claims Western land claims. Slavery Slavery. foreign nations and Indians Issues with foreign nations and Indians. Prewar and postwar debts of individual states. Merchants and producers vs. agriculture. Interstate trade Interstate trade. Second Continental Congress http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/declara/images/committ.jpg

7. The Articles of Confederation Origins First incarnation of our national government. Articles of Confederation http://www.constitutioncenter.org/timeline/flash/assets/asset_upload_file755_11927.jpg

8. The Articles of Confederation Origins John Dickinson Drawn up by John Dickinson of Pennsylvania. Originally made the federal government strong, provided a bill of rights, and created a system of taxation. statecentral government Most Americans were still advocates for the state being stronger than the central government. Delegates to the Convention chop it up, making the Articles weaker.

9. The Articles of Confederation Origins all thirteen states Ratification required by all thirteen states, would not be finalized until 1781. John Dickinson http://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/Instructional/Resources/C onstitutionDay/FoundersGallery/dickinson.jpg

10. The Articles of Confederation Western Land Claims The “landed” states had overlapping claims, causing tension. The “landless” states did not want to be left out. monopolization imbalance Believed that the monopolization of Western lands would create dissent and imbalance in the Union. all land claims are void Landed states agree, but declare that all land claims are void. Jefferson’s Conception of the NW Territories http://www.jlindquist.com/OM2images/jefferson.gif

11. The Articles of Confederation Key Rights in the Articles one vote Each state receives one vote regardless of size. national power Limits to national power are contained in Article 2. “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every Power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.” tax individuals or states No right to tax individuals or states. Relied on the states for yearly contributions Relied on the states for yearly contributions. Major weakness of the United States under the Articles of Confederation.

12. The Articles of Confederation Powers of Congress Declare war Declare war. Make treaties. Establish a postal system. Coin and borrow money. Indian affairs Regulate Indian affairs. Unicameral legislature Unicameral legislature. Articles of Confederation http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/constitution/images/fig2.jpg

13. The Articles of Confederation Process for Enacting Laws One state, one vote One state, one vote. 9 of 13 9 of 13 needed to approve laws. No process for amendment No process for amendment. US Territory in the Articles of Confederation http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/state_cessions.jpg

14. The Articles of Confederation Executive Powers No No separate executive branch. Congress President appointed by Congress. Has no true power. Samuel Huntington, First President of the Confederation http://www.huntington.tierranet.com/bios/images/sam4.gif

15. The Articles of Confederation Judicial Powers None provided for a national government. state courts Only state courts have judicial power. Creates chaos. Lady Justice http://www.co.yuma.az.us/LD/graphics/ladyjustice260_570-2.gif

16. The Articles of Confederation State Powers States retain all powers not specifically granted to Congress in the Articles States retain all powers not specifically granted to Congress in the Articles. Patrick Henry http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/0/25/henry_1_lg.gif

17. The Articles of Confederation State Constitutions Republican based. Did not drastically alter from colonial laws, with the exception of no outside controls. Three branches. Executive, judicial, legislative Executive, judicial, legislative. legislature Power concentrated in the legislature. Can declare war, conduct foreign relations, and control courts. tax-paying landholders Only tax-paying landholders could vote.

18. The Articles of Confederation State Constitutions citizens subjects People are citizens, not subjects. bill of rights A majority of the state constitutions contain a bill of rights, enumerating the rights guaranteed all citizens under law. Liberty Bell with First Flag http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/06/15/23431506.jpg

19. The Articles of Confederation State Constitutions written constitutions Drafted written constitutions. colonial experience, the British system, the Enlightenment, and Greco-Roman traditions Based on colonial experience, the British system, the Enlightenment, and Greco-Roman traditions. Social contracts Social contracts spelling out the powers and duties of the government. Wanted them to be written. Revolution Believed that unwritten constitutions, such as the British one, caused too much controversy and led to the Revolution.

20. Triumph of the Articles Land Ordinance of 1785 Divided up and provided the Western lands for sale by the federal government. Ensured orderly development of the West. frontier defense Provided a simplified plan for dealing with frontier defense. schools Set aside land in each new township for the building of schools. Draft of the Land Ordinance http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/767.jpg

21. Triumph of the Articles Northwest Ordinance Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, set down into law how new states would be admitted into the Union. Northwest Territory http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/9/9e/Northwest-territory-usa-1787.png

22. Triumph of the Articles Northwest Ordinance no less than three and no more than five states The Northwest Territory could be carved into no less than three and no more than five states. 60,000 Congress When 60,000 people settled into one of the political subdivisions, the territory could petition Congress to become a state. Slavery is prohibited Slavery is prohibited. citizens People living in the territories are to be considered citizens of the United States and not treated as second-class citizens. Northwest Ordinance http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/northwest.gif

23. Problems Under the Articles Border Problems with Britain & Spain Treaty of Paris Britain refuses to evacuate Western posts, as per the Treaty of Paris. trade Causes many problems with Britain and disrupts trade. debt collectors Britain felt that the American government was not upholding the clause about supporting British debt collectors. Treatment of a British Loyalist http://www.whereistheoutrage.net/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2007/10/1774_lynching.jpg

24. Problems Under the Articles Border Problems with Britain & Spain Spain and Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi. Spain captures American territory (the city of Natchez). Mississippi River Closes the Mississippi River to American commerce, hurting Western farmers. Spanish Louisiana Regiment http://www.somosprimos.com/sp2005/spoct05/Louisianasoldiers..JPG

25. Problems Under the Articles Foreign Trade Was excluded from the British imperial trade union. mercantilism Policy of mercantilism still exists, Britain shifts its focus on its other colonies. New England Merchants in New England suffer because they cannot participate in trade. cheap goods British merchants flood American markets with cheap goods. Creates a depression in America as many domestic industries fold. Seal of the British East India Company http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/gallery/East-West/images/India_04_obv.gif

26. Problems Under the Articles Economic Problems Congress and debt. Could not pay off debts. National depression caused by lack of trade, cheap foreign goods, and stingy states National depression caused by lack of trade, cheap foreign goods, and stingy states. War veterans War veterans were not provided for. Inflation. Robert Morris Financier of the Revolution http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=62612&rendTypeId=4

27. Problems Under the Articles Shays’ Rebellion Massachusetts legislature is determined to pay its debt by collecting back taxes, seizing the land of debtors, and sending people to prison. forcibly prevent courts from holding sessions Poor western farmers organize under war veteran Daniel Shays and forcibly prevent courts from holding sessions. Many Americans feel that the nation is on the brink of collapse Impact: Many Americans feel that the nation is on the brink of collapse. Shays’ Rebellion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d7/Shays.jpg

28. Merit Point Question #1 The measure passed by the Confederation Congress prohibiting slavery in the Western territories above the Ohio River was the The measure passed by the Confederation Congress prohibiting slavery in the Western territories above the Ohio River was the A.Northwest Ordinance. B.Treaty of Paris of 1783. C.Articles of Confederation. D.Homestead Act. E.Proclamation of 1763.

29. Merit Point Question #2 The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be A.former officers in the Continental army. B.those who feared strong central government. C.those who held U. S. government securities. D.bankers, merchants, and financiers. E.those who feared the dangers of unrestrained democracy.

30. Merit Point Question #3 One of the chief reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation was One of the chief reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation was A.their lack of an adequate mechanism for Congress to force states to comply with its decisions. B.their focus on the separation of powers within the federal branch of government. C.their failure to adequately curb the powers of the executive branch of government. D.their failure to provide women and free blacks with the right to vote. E.their strict tax collections provisions.