1. Research Methodology Lecture No :27 (Sample Research Project Using SPSS – Part -A)

2. Recap Hypothesis testing the relationship/Association Correlations Regression

3. Objective Develop a research project from the start – Problem definition – Importance of research – Gap – Research objective/ questions – Introduction and Literature review – Theoretical framework – Methodology Apply SPSS for Data Analysis

4. Research Area and Problem Knowledge Projects Knowledge Senior Project Manager do not share their knowledge

5. Importance of the issue Experienced project managers can pass on their knowledge to their juniors which allow them to become better project managers. Training costs in millions and yet the area focused is seldom achieved but with senior project managers can deliver knowledge which is very pertinent to your customer and your organization. Organization can gain efficiency and have higher success rate, etc..

6. Gap A number of researcher have conducted research to find the antecedents to knowledge sharing (ref … ref …..ref…..) Among them some also have explored the knowledge sharing from the cognitive level (ref …., ref …..) But just one has studied knowledge sharing from the project management aspect and recommends that more research is needed (ref ….)

7. Introduction What is knowledge What is a project Role of Project manager Specifics of project experience Behavior and Intentions Intentions formation Theory of Reasoned Action

8. Subjective Norm for sharing PROJECT knowledge (Normative Belief & Motivation to Comply) Intention to share PROJECT knowledge Attitude towards sharing PROJECT knowledge

9. Intentions are influenced by attitude and subjective norms The subjective norms concept is operationalized to have 2 sub dimensions – Norms Belief – Motivation to Comply

10. Literature Review Knowledge sharing can be defined as a process of conveying knowledge from a person to another and also to collect shared knowledge through information and technology (Hwie Seo et al., 2003)….. Riege (2005) lists three dozen of these barriers which need to be addressed in order to implement a knowledge management strategy. One way to understand the effect of these barriers is through the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). TRA helps us understand the cognitive process of formation of intentions and it has been successfully used in numerous studies to understand intentions and predict behavior (Sheppard et al., 1998)…… One study by ……tried to study the ….knowledge sharing of projects ….. and recommended more to be conducted..

11. Objectives of Research/ Research Questions To develop a better understanding as to how knowledge sharing behavior is formed IN THE PROJECT MANGERS. – Through the cognitive (mental)process of intentions formation – Through studying intention difference between different demographic variables To what extent does attitude influence intentions for sharing of project knowledge ? To what extent does subjective norms influence intentions for sharing of project knowledge ? Does attitude for project knowledge mediates the relationship between subjective norm and intentions ? Is there a difference between the intentions to share project knowledge and the gender?

12. Theoretical Framework The attitude towards a specific action will lead to formation of intentions, which will lead to the behavior ….. Knowledge sharing is one such act, if you have attitude towards sharing then you would also show intent to share. The norms influences the behavior, individual get influenced by the people around them specially the people who they consider important. If the norms of the important people is to share then and then individuals are influenced by that but it also important that to note that individuals motivation to comply with the norm is also important ins determining the effect norms in an organization……

13. So we theorize that the attitude for sharing one’s knowledge on certain ( types )projects would lead to formation intentions to share that knowledge and ultimately it would lead to actual sharing. So we theorize that the norms for sharing one’s knowledge on certain (types) projects in an organization by the important people would lead to formation of intentions to share provided the individual also have motivation to comply to the norms. ……… Norms have direct impact on intentions and also indirect impact through attitude as well……

14. Schematic Diagram Subjective Norm for sharing projects knowledge Intention to share project knowledge Attitude towards sharing project knowledge position Nature Normative Belief Motivation to Comply

15. Hypotheses H1: The higher the attitude towards projects knowledge sharing the higher the intentions to share PROJECT knowledge. H2: The higher the subjective norm of projects knowledge sharing the higher the intentions to share projects knowledge. H3: The higher the subjective norm the higher the attitude to share projects knowledge H4: The attitude mediates the relationship between subjective norm and intentions H5: The women have higher level of sharing their knowledge about projects then men H6: The project managers permanent /temporary positions at the company would moderate the relationship between attitude and intentions

16. Methods Population : Senior I.T project managers in the 150 software house of Islamabad. Sample: Randomly select 50 companies and approach around 150 senior managers to be part of the study. A 5-point Likert scale anchored by “strongly disagree” (1) to “strongly agree” (5) is used. It is ensured that not more than 3 responses per firms are obtained. Data collection: Adapted Questionnaire from (ref …) personally administered or Mailed Feel of data ( Descriptive Analysis- Mean, Percentage) Goodness of Data (Reliability and Validity-Cron Bach, Factor Analysis) Group Difference ( Independent sample T test) Inferential Statistics : Correlations and Regression Analysis

17. Instrument Attitude Towards PROJECT Knowledge Sharing [Adapted from Bock et al(2005)] To me, sharing PROJECT knowledge with my co-workers is harmful………….. To me, sharing PROJECT knowledge with my co-workers is good……………... To me, sharing PROJECT knowledge with my co-workers is pleasant…………. To me, sharing PROJECT knowledge with my co-workers is worthless………... To me, sharing PROJECT knowledge with my co-workers is wise……………… Affect of Subjective Norm Towards PROJECT Knowledge sharing [Adapted from Bock et al(2005)] My CEO/Head of organization thinks I should share PROJECT knowledge with my coworkers ………………………………………………………………… My Boss thinks I should share PROJECT knowledge with my co-worker ……… My colleagues thinks I should share PROJECT knowledge with my co-workers…………………………………………………………………………. Generally Speaking, I accept and carry out my CEO’s policy and intentions Generally Speaking, I accept and carry out my Boss decision even though it is different form mine....................................……………………. Generally Speaking, I respect and put in practice my colleagues decisions

18. Intentions to Share PROJECT Knowledge [Adapted from Bock et al (2005)] If given opportunity, I would share PROJECT knowledge with my co-workers… If given opportunity, I would share my work experience with my co-workers………………………………………………………………………….. If given opportunity, I would share know-how or ticks of the trade with my co-workers……………………………………………………………. If given opportunity, I would share expertise from education Or training with my co- workers…………………………………………….. If given opportunity, I would share know-why knowledge from work with my coworkers…………………………………………………………………... Demographic: Please provide some personal Information 1. Your gender: □Male □ Female 2. Your age? ____ (in years) 3. Your level of your education? □FA/FSc □Diploma □Bachelor □Masters □PhD 4-Nature of your Job : □Software Development/Support □ Networking □Other( Specify)____________ 5- Your Name: ______________________(* optional) 6- Your Organization:__________________(*optional) 7- Your e-mail : ____________________ ( Interested in receiving the results of this study) □Yes□ No 8- How long have you been working in Information Technology Industry? □less than 1 year □1-3 years □4-6 years □over 6 years 9-. How long have you been working with this organization? □less than 1 year □1-3 years □4-6 years □over 6 years 10- Your Position at the company is permanent of contractual □Permanent □Contractual ☺ ☺ ☺ THANK YOU ☺ ☺ ☺