1. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

2. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
What do you know?

3. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Essential Standards:
What is the process of bone formation?
What are the structures of the long bones?
What are the structures of the skeletal system?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

4. Microscopic mature bone cells
Bone formation
Identify the osteocytes.
Osteo = bone
Cyte = cell
Microscopic mature bone cells
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

5. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Bone formation
Ossification – new minerals deposit to form bone
Discuss the process of ossification?
How do we know ossification occurs?
Example
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

6. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Bone formation
Ossification –
Minerals replace previously formed cartilage.
Infants bones are soft and pliable because of incomplete ossification.
As bones ossify, they become hard.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

7. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Bone formation
How do we know ossification occurs?
Long bones grow in length and ossify from the center to the ends.
Give examples of ossification.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

8. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Bone formation
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

9. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Bone formation
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

10. Discuss their possible function based on appearance.
Types of Bones
Discuss their possible function based on appearance.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

11. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Types of Bones
Long bones
Found in the arms
and legs
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

12. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Types of Bones
Flat bones
Bones of the skull
Ribs
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

13. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Types of Bones
Irregular bones
Spinal column
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

14. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Types of Bones
Short bones
Wrist
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

15. Structures of long bones
Identify structures of the long bones.
Compare spongy bone to compact bone.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

16. Structure of the long bones
Compare structures of the long bones.
Discuss the importance of having both types of bone tissue.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

17. 5 Functions of Skeletal System
Supports other body structures & provides shape
Protects internal organs
Allows movement & anchors for muscles
Provides storage for minerals (such as calcium & phosphorus)
Site for hemopoiesis (bone marrow formation)—red marrow is found in long bones, sternum & ilia (hip bones)

18. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton
The axial skeleton is blue.
Axial skeleton: skull, spine, ribs,
And sternum
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

19. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton
Skull frontal view
22 bones in skull
8 in the cranium
14 facial bones
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

20. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton
Skull lateral view
Identify the structures of the lateral view of the skull.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

21. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton
Skull
superior
view
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

22. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton
Skull
lateral
view
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

23. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skelton
Hyoid Bone
What is unique about the hyoid bone?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

24. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton
Vertebral Structure
Spinal column
Foramen: spinal nerves and cord are present in this opening
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

25. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton
Spinal column
Atlas: C1 it is fused with occipital bone of the cranium (allows us to nod)
Axis: C2 allows for rotation so we can turn our heads side to side
Thoracic vertebrae connects with ribs
Lumbar vertebrae are larger than the other vertebrae and allow for weight bearing
Sacrum: 5 fused bones connects to hip bones
Coccyx: tailbone; 4 fused bones
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

26. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton
Spinal column
Identify the vertebrae in this x-ray.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

27. Appendicular Skeleton
126 bones in the appendicular skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is beige.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

28. Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder girdle
Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

29. Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder girdle
Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

30. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle
Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

31. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle
Identify the structures of the lower extremities.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

32. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis
Identify the structures of the pelvis.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

33. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle
Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

34. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle
Compare the male and female pelvis.
Name those bones & Thriller animation (retro)
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

35. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints: Diarthroses
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

36. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Diarthroses = moveable joints
Four types
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

37. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Ball and socket
One bone has a ball at one end
The other has a concave socket
Allows for the greatest range of motion
Ex: shoulder
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

38. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints: Diarthroses
Example of a ball and socket joint.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

39. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Hinge joint
Move in one direction
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

40. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints: Diarthroses
Example of a hinge joint.
Define uniaxial.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

41. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Pivot joints
Bones that rotate across each other
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

42. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints: Diarthroses
Identify the pivot joints in this x-ray.
Identify other pivot joints.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

43. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Gliding joint
Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other
Vertebrae allows bending forward, backward, and sideways & allows for rotation
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

44. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Example of gliding joint
Give examples not pictured here
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

45. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Amphiarthroses
Partially movable joints with cartilage between their joined surfaces
Examples:
1. Ribs to spine
2. Symphysis pubis
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

46. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Synarthroses
Immovable joints
Connected by fibrous connective tissue
Sutures in cranium
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

47. Bursa and Synovial Membrane
Fluid-filled sac that contains the synovial membrane
Lined by synovial membrane
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

48. Bursa and Synovial Membrane
Capsule that encloses a joint
Lines the bursa
Contains synovial fluid
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

49. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Essential Standards:
What is the process of bone formation?
What are the structures of the long bones?
What are the structures of the skeletal system?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

50. 1.02 Remember the structures of the
skeletal system
The End
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system