1. Colonial America Why do people settle new areas? Teacher Notes
The Big Idea: Why do people settle new areas?
Colonial America
Unit 3 Colonial America

2. Slavery in the Colonies
Lesson 1
New England
Lesson 2
The Middle Colonies
Lesson 3
The Southern Colonies
Lesson 4
Colonial Life
Lesson 5
Slavery in the Colonies
Click on a Lesson.
Lesson 6
Colonial Economies
Lessons
Lesson 7
Colonial Governments

3. New England Colonies Vocabulary Lesson 1
How did differences shape New England?
covenant
common
tolerate
fundamental
slavery
Teacher Notes
Visual Preview: How did differences shape New England?

4. New England Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
MC 5 Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,
New Hampshire
What was daily life like?
They had villages that included jobs for milling, inn keeping, blacksmithing, and barrel-making.
What were some of their ideas?
1.) have a town common
2.) establish a meeting house to make decisions
3.) SA create schools so all children could read the Bible
Teacher Notes
Write About It!
Differences between Pilgrims and Puritans:
Pilgrims wanted to separate from the Church of England but Puritans wanted to change it.
Puritans had more supplies, including horses and a herd of cows.
Puritans arrived in warm weather to avoid the same hardship as the Pilgrims.
Puritans had a charter that allowed them to govern themselves.
They held elections at town hall meeting but only white men who owned land could vote.
John Winthrop was first governor.
They named their first settlement Boston.
Each member of the community had to enter a covenant to abide by church rules or be forced from the community.
In the center of each village was a grassy area called the village common. The meeting house also served as a church. Issues were discussed at town meetings and decisions were made by a majority vote.
What made their economy strong?
These colonies had a strong coastal fishing industry along with a lot of timber used to make houses and ships.

5. New England
MC 1 The Puritans were better prepared than the Pilgrims because they brought more supplies and animals.
MC 2 John Winthrop wrote about building “a city upon a hill” that would show how God wanted people to live.
Teacher Notes
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was a set of basic rules for self-government, including choosing representatives and a governor.
MC 3 If people disagreed with the Puritans, they left and started their own colony.

6. New England FILL covenant – an agreement
FILL common – the center of a village where people “hung out”
FILL tolerate – to allow people to have beliefs or behaviors that are different for everyone
FILL fundamental – basic
FILL slavery – the practice of owning people and forcing them to work
Teacher Notes
The Pequot War
Settlers surrounded a Pequot village and burned it, killing hundreds of men, women, and children. Many were captured and enslaved.
Settlers took their land in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.
King Philip’s War
The Wampanoag leader, Metacomet, thought his people were selling too much of their land to English settlers.
He led several tribes in an attack against the colonists.
This became one of the bloodiest wars in North America.
Entire towns were burned and crops were destroyed.
Metacomet was killed by Native American scouts who were helping the colonists.
The war ended with his death.
Around 4,000 Native Americans were killed and many more enslaved.
MC 4 When the English came over in the 1600s, they started seizing the land of the Wampanoag. This led to the start of King Philip’s War.

7. The Middle Colonies Vocabulary Lesson 2
What factors influenced the development of the Middle Colonies?
Vocabulary
patroon
proprietor
Teacher Notes
Visual Preview: What factors influenced the development of the Middle Colonies?

8. The Middle Colonies New Jersey, Delaware
MC 9 Pennsylvania, New York,
New Jersey, Delaware
What were the MC known as? Why?
They were known as the “breadbasket” of the colonies because they produced so much wheat.
What was daily life like?
The MC had farms that included jobs for producing corn, wheat, and oats along with jobs on coastal towns known for fur-trading, timber and fishing.
Teacher Notes
The English took New Netherland. King Charles II gave his brother, the Duke of York, all of the land between the Delaware Rivers and Connecticut, including New Netherland.
Dutch colonists gave up without a shot being fired.
New Netherland was renamed New York, and New Amsterdam became New York City.
The Duke of York gave part of New York to two friends, who called it New Jersey.
Settlers were promised religious freedom and a voice in government, but they had to pay a tax.
There was a diverse population, including German, Dutch, Irish, English, Quaker, and Swedish settlers.
Settlers learned new skills by sharing knowledge.
For example, Swedes taught people to build cabins out of logs, and Scots and Germans shared farm ideas.

9. The Middle Colonies MC 6 New Amsterdam = Manhattan
MC 7 New York and New Jersey had very strong economies because they traded with each other.
Teacher Notes
William Penn wanted freedom to practice his Quaker beliefs. He started a colony called Pennsylvania or “Penn’s Woods.”
The first settlement was Philadelphia, which means “city of brotherly love.” It became an important center for trade along the Delaware River.
Penn was one of the few people who paid the Native Americans for their land.
Pennsylvania attracted people from many different religions and backgrounds.
Delaware was a part of New Sweden. The colonists wanted to make their own laws, so Penn allowed them to elect their own assembly.
MC 8 Philadelphia = “brotherly love”

10. The Southern Colonies Vocabulary Lesson 3
How did the Southern Colonies differ from other settlements?
Vocabulary
plantation
indigo
debtor
Teacher Notes
Visual Preview: How did the Southern Colonies differ from other settlements?

11. The Southern Colonies
MC 13 Maryland, Carolinas, Georgia, Virginia
What was daily life like?
They had large plantations and small farms that included jobs for working in the fields, carpentry, blacksmithing, laundry, and flour mills.
What made their economy strong?
What were some of their ideas?
These colonies had rich soil which produced valuable cash crops such as indigo, rice, and tobacco.
1.) peacefully separate Catholics and Protestants
2.) need more settlers/slaves to grow cash crops
Teacher Notes
Charlestown was the first big city in the Southern Colonies.
This region has a natural harbor, warm climate, and natural resources that made it a center for agriculture and trade.
Plantations were large farms that grew more than one crop as a cash crop.
In Carolina, cash crops were tobacco, rice, and indigo.
North Carolina grew tobacco and sold forest products such as timber and tar.
The economy grew slowly due to the lack of a good harbor.
South Carolina grew rice.
The harbor in Charlestown made trade easy.
English tobacco farmers in North Carolina had little in common with the wealthy French, German, and Swiss planters in South Carolina. This led to the colony splitting.

12. The Southern Colonies Why was the colony of Maryland founded?
MC 11 Maryland was founded to provide a religious haven for Catholics and Protestants.
Why was Georgia settled?
SA Georgia was settled to protect colonists from Spain in the south and the French in the west.
Teacher Notes
King George II gave Oglethorpe a charter to start up a colony. He wanted a military man to protect the Southern Colonies from the Spanish and the French.
At first Georgia banned slavery and treated the Native Americans fairly, honoring treaties with them and protecting them from dishonest traders.
Oglethorpe tried to build a classless society.
Few debtors settled in Georgia but many others came.
The colony promised freedom of religion to all Protestant Christians.
Colonists were given free land to use for 10 years, which attracted settlers looking for a better life.
Religious refugees from Germany and Switzerland settled the colony.
Georgia had the highest percentage of non-British settlers than any other British colony in America.
At first they grew tobacco, but rice became the main cash crop.
Colonists smuggled enslaved workers from Georgia.
MC 12 In Georgia Mary Musgrove helped the Creek and the colonists get along by being a translator between the two groups.

13. The Southern Colonies
MC 10 In Georgia James Oglethorpe wanted to send debtors to the colonies to work so slavery would not be necessary.
FILL debtors – a person who owes money but cannot repay it
FILL plantation – a large farm that grows one crop as a cash crop
FILL indigo – a plant used to make blue dye
Teacher Notes
King George II gave Oglethorpe a charter to start up a colony. He wanted a military man to protect the Southern Colonies from the Spanish and the French.
At first Georgia banned slavery and treated the Native Americans fairly, honoring treaties with them and protecting them from dishonest traders.
Oglethorpe tried to build a classless society.
Few debtors settled in Georgia but many others came.
The colony promised freedom of religion to all Protestant Christians.
Colonists were given free land to use for 10 years, which attracted settlers looking for a better life.
Religious refugees from Germany and Switzerland settled the colony.
Georgia had the highest percentage of non-British settlers than any other British colony in America.
At first they grew tobacco, but rice became the main cash crop.
Colonists smuggled enslaved workers from Georgia. 13

14. Colonial Life Vocabulary Lesson 4
How did economic needs affect life in the colonies?
slave trade
apprentice
growth rate
Great Awakening
backcountry
Teacher Notes
Visual Preview: How did economic needs affect life in the colonies?

15. Colonial Life fled wars or food shortages the promise of cheap land
MC 15 Indentured servants had their passage to the colonies paid for in exchange for 5-7 years of work.
SA Why did people come to America?
fled wars or food shortages
the promise of cheap land
economic opportunity
religious freedom
enslaved and forced to work
FILL slave trade = the business of buying and selling people
Teacher Notes
The voyage to America was difficult for enslaved people.
It took between two and three months.
Ships were crowded, damp, and filthy.
Many people died because ships sank, and because of food and water shortages.
The slave trade was the business of buying and selling people.
One out of seven captives died from starvation, disease, or poor treatment.
They had no hope of being freed and were considered property.
Indentured servants worked for 5–7 years to pay the price of their voyage to America.
They received food, clothing, and shelter.
When service was over, they received farmland, animals, and supplies of lumber and tools.
Between 50–66 percent of early settlers began life in the colonies as indentured servants.
They were freed from service when their contracts expired, but were often treated badly by harsh masters.

16. Colonial Life
FILL An apprentice was a young person who learned a trade or craft by working with a skilled adult.
MC 14 How did Benjamin Franklin help Philadelphia grow?
started the University of Pennsylvania
established the first fire department
established the first public library
improved the city’s police department and postal system.
Teacher Notes
The voyage to America was difficult for enslaved people.
It took between two and three months.
Ships were crowded, damp, and filthy.
Many people died because ships sank, and because of food and water shortages.
The slave trade was the business of buying and selling people.
One out of seven captives died from starvation, disease, or poor treatment.
They had no hope of being freed and were considered property.
Indentured servants worked for 5–7 years to pay the price of their voyage to America.
They received food, clothing, and shelter.
When service was over, they received farmland, animals, and supplies of lumber and tools.
Between 50–66 percent of early settlers began life in the colonies as indentured servants.
They were freed from service when their contracts expired, but were often treated badly by harsh masters. 16

17. Colonial Life
FILL The Great Awakening was a period in the 1700s in which interest in religion grew.
FILL The backcountry is the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Teacher Notes
The voyage to America was difficult for enslaved people.
It took between two and three months.
Ships were crowded, damp, and filthy.
Many people died because ships sank, and because of food and water shortages.
The slave trade was the business of buying and selling people.
One out of seven captives died from starvation, disease, or poor treatment.
They had no hope of being freed and were considered property.
Indentured servants worked for 5–7 years to pay the price of their voyage to America.
They received food, clothing, and shelter.
When service was over, they received farmland, animals, and supplies of lumber and tools.
Between 50–66 percent of early settlers began life in the colonies as indentured servants.
They were freed from service when their contracts expired, but were often treated badly by harsh masters.
MC 16 People settled in the backcountry because land was cheaper than on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. 17

18. Slavery in the Colonies
Lesson 5
Vocabulary
Why did slavery develop in the English Colonies?
slave codes
spiritual
Teacher Notes
Visual Preview: How did Slavery develop in the English colonies?

19. Slavery in the Colonies
MC 17 In 1641 Massachusetts became the first colony to make slavery legal.
Because the demand for enslaved workers kept growing, the colonists changed the laws saying any captive African could be enslaved; including Christians.
Teacher Notes
For a long time, the English believed people who were not Christians could rightly be enslaved.
Many Europeans became rich kidnapping, transporting, and selling captive Africans.
In 1641 Massachusetts became the first colony to make slavery legal.
Colonists believed slavery was needed for the colonial economy to grow and stay strong.
The demand for enslaved workers kept growing, so the colonists changed the laws.
Northern Colonies:
Enslaved Africans worked in New England’s shipyards and on farms..
Southern Colonies:
Farms were large and grew cash crops, like tobacco.
In South Carolina more than half the colony’s population was enslaved
Africans by 1725.

20. Slavery in the Colonies
Slaves in the North
Slaves in the South
Northern colonies built slave ships.
Southern cash crops were labor-intensive.
Slaves did labor on small farms.
MC 18 Enslaved workers lived on plantations because these farms needed a lot of workers.
Enslaved workers were used in construction.
Teacher Notes
What You Know
Enslaved workers helped to build ships.
Enslaved workers were used in construction.
Enslaved workers were needed on farms and plantations.
Generalization
Enslaved labor was needed in both the North and the South.
SA There were many people who resisted slavery. They would do this by slowing down their work, breaking tools, and escaping.
MC 19 Because of harsh treatments, there were many slave revolts. The main goal of these revolts was to gain freedom.

21. Colonial Economies Vocabulary Lesson 6
What influenced the development of colonial economies?
triangular trade
Middle Passage
industry
Teacher Notes
Visual Preview: What influenced the development of colonial economies?

22. Colonial Economies
SA What was brought from the west coast of Africa to the West Indies and then to Charleston?
Teacher Notes
The Navigation Acts controlled what colonists could make.
This made it illegal for the colonies to manufacture goods that competed with English goods, such as hats, nails, and horseshoes.
The Navigation Acts also listed goods colonists could sell only to England or to its colonies. The list included farm products such as sugar, tobacco, lumber, cotton, wool, and indigo.
England charged colonists high shipping costs.
A new law said everything the colonies imported had to first be shipped to England and taxed.
Colonists claimed England was destroying the economy so they ignored the laws and turned to smuggling.
Triangular Trade
Ships on the triangular trade sold products and picked up cargo at each stop.
FILL triangular trade – a shipping route between Africa, the West Indies, and England/North America
FILL Middle Passage – the part of the TT route between Africa and the West Indies, where African captives were taken to the West Indies

23. Colonial Economies
What were the most important exports of New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies?
NE – lumber, ships, fish
MC – wheat, cheese, crafts
SC – tobacco, rice, indigo
Why did each region have a different economy?
Climate and natural resources
SA In the colonies England wanted the colonists to buy goods like hats, nails, and horseshoes SO they made it illegal to make these goods themselves.
MC 20 Colonists thought these trade laws were very unfair.
FILL industry = all the businesses that make one kind of product or provide one kind of service
Teacher Notes
In New England shipbuilding and fishing were important.
In the Middle Colonies wheat and cheese were important.
In the Southern Colonies tobacco, rice, and indigo were important.

24. Colonial Governments Vocabulary Lesson 7
How did values shape colonial governments?
assembly
legislation
Teacher Notes
Visual Preview: How did values shape colonial governments?

25. Colonial Governments
An assembly was a group of people who made the laws.
MC 23 In colonial governments, only white men who owned land could vote.
SA The governor represented the interests of England. The assembly represented the interests of the colonists.
MC 21 “freedom of the press” = the right to speak or print the truth
Teacher Notes
English kings allowed the colonies to make their own laws. These laws had to be approved by England’s government.
Colonial assemblies gathered to make laws for their colonies. This was the first step on the road to self-government.
Colonial governments were unfair to many groups. Women, indentured servants, enslaved Africans, and Native Americans could not vote or hold office.
Colonists expected assemblies to represent their views.
The Virginia Charter stated that colonists would have the same freedoms as people born in England.
Democracy comes from two Greek words meaning “power” and “people.”
MC 22 Phillis Wheatley was a famous African-American poet who wrote about the natural rights for Africans and urged colonists to fight for freedom.

26. Review Match the person with his ideas.
Government should be tolerant of people with different religious views. There should be separation of church and state.
Roger Williams
Wrote The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
Thomas Hooker
Believed in the right to free worship and the right to a trial by jury.
William Penn
All people have natural rights such as life, freedom, and the right to own property.
John Locke
Answers
Roger Williams
Thomas Hooker
William Penn
John Locke
John Zenger
Believed in freedom of the press.
John Zenger
John Locke
John Zenger
Roger Williams
William Penn
Thomas Hooker 26

27. Maps Click on a map to enlarge the view.