1. And its effects on our planet Earth
The Atmosphere
And its effects on our planet Earth

2. What is the Atmosphere?
The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
Earth’s atmosphere consists of 5 major layers
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
The Earth's atmosphere is more than just the air we breathe. It's also a buffer that keeps us from being peppered by meteorites, a screen against deadly radiation, and the reason radio waves can be bounced for long distances around the planet. 
Ionosphere

4. TROPOSPHERE Lowest part of the earth’s atmosphere
Just below the Tropopause
Direct contact with the earth’s surface
Contains approximately 80% of the atmospheric mass
Contains approximately 99% of water vapor and aerosols*
Temperature decreases as altitude rises
*aerosols typically are colloids, solid particles or liquid drops in air or another gas. Examples haze, dust, smoke, air pollutants

5. STRATOSPHERE Located above the Troposphere and below the Mesosphere
Has a temperature inversion
Contains the Ozone (O3) Layer, where much of O3 is produced
Temperature increases as altitude rises
Separated from Troposphere by the Tropopause
Major UVA, UVB, and UVC chemical reactions occur here
Bacterial life survives here and some birds can fly in the lower levels
Bar-headed Goose
Anser indicus
Rüppell’s Vulture
Gyps Rueppelli

6. MESOPHERE Directly above the Stratopause and under the Mesopause
Temperature decreases as altitude rises
Most meteors melt or vaporize due to collisions with gas particles
Most poorly understood layer of the atmosphere
Optical phenomenon such as airglow and night glow occur here

7. THERMOSPHERE Above the Mesophere and below the Exosphere
UV causes Ionization here
Temperature increases as altitude rises can rise to 2000 ◦C
Radiation causes particles to become electrically charged causing radio waves to be reflected
Auroras and Solar Wind occur here

8. EXOSPHERE
Atmosphere here is thin and basically merges with interplanetary space
Major gases here are He, H, CO2, and O
Barometric Conditions no longer apply in the lower boundary
Above this layer temperature becomes nearly constant

9. IONOSPHERE
Made up of parts of the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere
Ionized by solar radiation and plays a major role in atmospheric electricity
Makes up the inner edge of the magnetosphere
Has different layers that change with night and day
Geomagnetic Storms occur in the ionosphere

11. The Wind Wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure
Wind moves from areas of high pressure to low pressure
The differential heating between the equator and the poles and the rotation of the Earth are two major driving factors.

12. Coriolis Effect
Coriolis force deflects these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

14. Ocean Currents
Continuous, directed movements of sea water caused by wind, Coriolis effect, mean flow, waves breaking, cabbeling, differences in temperature and salinity, and gravitational pull from the sun and moon
Ocean currents are responsible for affecting temperatures throughout the world

16. El Nino El Nino Lecture El Nino El Nino 2
Significance of Prochlorococcus
Prochlorococcus is a marine
cyanobacterium which can
harvest light without the use
of chloroplasts. It is the most
abundant photosynthetic organism on earth.
I can harvest light with no chloroplast

17. Temperature Inversion
Temperature Inversion Video

18. The Rain Shadow Effect
Rainshadow Effect Video

19. Weather vs. Climate
The Ocean: Driving Force for Weather and Climate