1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

2. Educational Technology
Educational Technology includes any media that is used for instruction

5. Anything used to help teach students can be considered educational technology.

6. Educational Technology
Educational technology is any technology that is used to support teaching and learning.
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

7. Educational Technology and Instruction
Technology are the tools to help create an effective instructional event
Instructional events = all teaching methods and learning experiences
Learning environment = physical and non-physical aspects where instruction takes place
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

8. LEARNING

9. LEARNING
is a transfer of knowledge that can be ensured only when all components of the process have been incorporated
(Lever-Duffy, et al., 2005)

10. LEARNING Variety of theories explain how we learn
Each theory offers a different perspective or view as to how learning occurs
Some theories may be contradictory
Teachers must decide on theory for themselves

11. Learning Theories
Proper planning and effective use of tools and methods are key to successful teaching and learning

12. Learning Theories Learning as Communication
Knowledge is transferred from sender to receiver
Receiver returns feedback to sender
Sender receives feedback
Variables may alter intended meaning.

13. Learning as Communication

14. Learning as Communication
Factors
Affection
Communication

15. Learning as Communication
Environmental Factors
Any factor that may cause a learner to lose focus
Can block communications
Lighting, movement, temperature may interfere with communications

16. Learning as Communication
Psychological Factors
Individual differences that define and impact communicated information
Emotional state may interfere with message reception
Learning styles may interfere with transmission
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

17. Learning as Communication
Personal Filters
Individual’s values, heritage, and belief system
May include attitudes, cultural differences, and opinions
Filters are present in both sender and receiver
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

18. Behaviorist’s Perspective
Learning Theories
Behaviorist’s Perspective
All behavior is a response to external stimuli
Students learn in response to rewards and punishments
Learning is a passive response to the environment
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

19. Cognitivist’s Perspective
Learning Theories
Cognitivist’s Perspective
Focus is on learning as a mental operation
Information enters through senses Learning is explained by how one thinks
Believe learning is more complex than behaviorist responses
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

20. Constructivist’s Perspective
Learning Theories
Constructivist’s Perspective
Knowledge is constructed as a result of the learning process
Learning occurs when knowledge is assimilated or accommodated (Piaget)
Knowledge may be constructed best in a social context
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

21. Characteristics that might have an impact on learning
VIEW OF THE LEARNER
Characteristics that might have an impact on learning
Cognitive style
Learning style
Intelligence

22. Learning Theories Cognitive Styles
Manner in which one thinks and interprets the environment
Myers-Briggs helps determine cognitive preferences
Understanding cognitive styles helps teachers create supportive environments

23. Learning Theories
Myers-Briggs
Cognitive Types

24. Learning Theories Learning Styles
Conditions under which one learns best
Relates to individual sensory dominance
Auditory learners learn best by listening
Visual learners learn best by seeing
Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best by doing and touching

25. The Learner Intelligence Inherent capabilities to learn and understand
Standford-Binet tests emphasize logical/mathematical and verbal capabilities
Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences emphasizes multiple capabilities

26. Multiple Intelligences
The Learner
Multiple Intelligences
Verbal-Linguistic
Mathematical-Logical
Visual-Spatial
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic
Existential
Musical
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

27. The Learner
Multiple Intelligences

28. Multiple Inteligences
Linguistics – verbal skills/talents related to sound, meaning & ryhthms
Logical-mathematical – conceptual & logical thinking
Musical – talents/abilities related to sound, rhythm & pitch
Spatial – skill in thinking in pictures & visioning abstract

29. Multiple Inteligences
Bodily-kinesthetic – skill in controlling body movements
Interpersonal – responsive to others
Intrapersonal – high-degree of self awareness & insight
Naturalistic – skills in recognizing, categorizing & interacting with natural world
Existential – ability to consider & deal with questions of human existence

30. Let’s try a Learning Style Inventory…

32. For Learning Inventory Assessment

33. Teaching = a systematic, planned sequence of events
Teaching and Learning
Teaching = a systematic, planned sequence of events
A process that communicates ideas/skills
Takes into account individual and environmental factors
Aware of learning theories & learner characteristics

34. Teachers should be aware of:
Teaching and Learning
Teachers should be aware of:
strengths and weaknesses of own teaching style
learning theories
learning style of students

35. Teaching and learning work together
Holistic planning is the key to effective learning

36. TECHNOLOGY

37. Technology: a component of the teaching/learning process
Teaching and Learning
Technology: a component of the teaching/learning process
Educational technology includes resources that facilitate teaching/learning
This view of technology has evolved
It’s consistent with evolution of
learning theories

38. TECHNOLOGY
“The systematic application of scientific or other organized knowledge to practical tasks.”

39. Potential Impacts of Technology
Enhance our capabilities – more effective
Increase our speed – more efficient
Impact levels of motivation/attitude/vision
Thornburg (1999), “…we have the opportunity to use technologies in ways that support modern pedagogical thought devoted to the premise that all students are capable of learning, even if the pathways for each learner are different.” (cited in O’Neil & Perez, pg. xiv)

40. Educational Technology
A Historical Overview
Began in the early 1900s with movies
Slides, radio, sound recordings were added in the 1920s-1930s
Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s

41. Educational Technology
A Historical Overview
1960s: A-V expanded to a broader systems view
1970s: educational technology redefined and expanded further to include all technologies
1980s: educational technology entered the Digital Age
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

42. Educational Technology
Today
Holistic view
All media and systems that support teaching/learning
Teachers must decide how to best utilize technology
 Allyn and Bacon 2005

43. Holistic View of Teaching, Learning, and Technology

44. Educational Technology
Change in educational philosophy of what constitutes basic skills
No longer just three R’s
“Learning to learn” skills essential
Lifelong learning
TEA