1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11- 1 Criminology and Social Policy Chapter 11

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -2 Crime Prevention and Public Policy Five stages of policy development: 1.identification of the problem; 2.agenda setting or prioritization of problems; 3.policy formation; 4.program implementation; and 5.program evaluation and reassessment.

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -3 Crime Prevention Philosophies Today The Social Responsibility Perspective  Crime is an individual responsibility  Reactive  Get-tough on crime The Social Problems Perspective  Crime due to poor social conditions  Proactive  Improvements in social infrastructure  Social epidemiology

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -4 Types of Crime Prevention Strategies Nurturant Strategies  Focus on prevention of criminality. Protection/Avoidance Strategies  Focus on removing criminal opportunities. Deterrence Strategies  Focus on reducing motivation for crime.

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -5 Recent Crime Prevention Policy Initiatives ► The National Crime Prevention Strategy ► Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) ► The Youth Criminal Justice Act

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -6 The National Crime Prevention Strategy Objectives: 1.Promote the integrated action of key governmental and non-governmental partners to reduce crime and victimization. 2.Assist communities in developing and implementing community-based solutions to crime and victimization. 3.Increase public awareness and support for effective crime prevention approaches.

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -7 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design ► Defensible space ► Focuses on:  Natural surveillance  Natural access control  Territorial reinforcement ► Assessment of physical environment is essential.

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -8 Youth Criminal Justice Act Includes provisions that:  Allows an adult sentence for youth  14.  Permits the publication of names for those receiving adult sentences.  Creates a special intensive custody and supervision sentence for serious violent young offenders.

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -9 Impact of the YCJA Early studies of the YCJA demonstrate:  use of extrajudicial measures  number of charges laid by police  use of custodial sentences  use of custodial sentences

10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 11 -10 Can We Solve the Problem of Crime? Crime prevention and control is not as simple as implementing a federally developed policy. Each level of government may interpret, implement, or challenge a policy, resulting in a process that can take many years.