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Chapter 6 Urinary System
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter 6 Lesson 6.1 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6-2
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Objectives Identify organs and structures of the urinary system.
Define and spell the word parts related to the urinary system. Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the urinary system. Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the urinary system. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Urinary System Function
removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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The Urinary System Name some unique anatomical features of the urinary system. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Male and Female Urinary System
Identify the unique anatomical features of the male and female urinary tract. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Male Urinary Bladder Discuss the urinary bladder.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Urinary System kidneys: 2 bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances. nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney. renal pelvis: funnel-shaped reservoir that collects urine and passes it to the ureters Use a 3-D model of the urinary system, preferably one with removable parts, to identify the individual organs described in this and the next two slides. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Urinary System (cont’d.)
ureters: 2 slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder urinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Urinary System (cont’d.)
urethra: lowest part of the urinary tract through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body (female, approx. 1.5 inches; male, 8 approx inches) urinary meatus: the opening through which urine passes to the outside Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Combining Forms for the Urinary System
cyst/o, vesic/o glomerul/o meat/o nephr/o, ren/o pyel/o ureter/o urethr/o Cyst/o and vesic/o refer to the urinary bladder, unless otherwise identified. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Combining Forms Commonly Used with Urinary System Terms
albumin/o azot/o blast/o glycos/o, glyc/o hydr/o lith/o noct/i olig/o son/o tom/o urin/o, ur/o Point out that noct/i is the only form using the combining vowel i. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Suffixes -iasis, -esis -gram -lysis -megaly -ptosis -rrhaphy -tripsy
-trophy -uria State the meaning of each suffix. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Three of Four Suffixes Beginning with -rrh
Suffix Meaning Chapter -rrhea flow, discharge -rrhagia rapid flow of blood -rrhaphy suturing, repairing Give some examples of terms with the suffixes shown in the slide. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Three Word Parts that Incorporate the Root “tom”
Word Part Meaning Chapter -tome (S) instrument used to cut -tomy (S) cut into or incision 5 tom/o (CV) cut, section 6 Give some examples of terms with the word parts shown in the slide Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Clicker Question Olig/o is a word root combining vowel combining form
suffix Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts
cystitis cystocele cystolith glomerulonephritis hydronephrosis nephritis nephroblastoma nephrohypertrophy nephrolithiasis nephroma nephromegaly Define these terms and the word parts that they contain. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)
nephroptosis pyelitis pyelonephritis uremia ureteritis ureterocele ureterolithiasis ureterostenosis urethrocystitis Define these terms and the word parts that they contain. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Helpful Information To correctly define the terms uremia and hematuria, start at the beginning of the word. Uremia is a toxic condition resulting from urea in the blood. For learning purposes, we have allowed the definition of uremia to be urine in the blood. Hematuria means blood in the urine. Hematuria is a symptom, whereas uremia is a serious disorder. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts
epispadias hypospadias polycystic kidney disease renal calculus (pl. calculi) renal hypertension sepsis urinary retention urinary suppression urinary tract infection (UTI) Present the terms on this list. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Urinary Tract Infection
Discuss urinary tract infections. Cystitis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Clicker Question Which term means stones in the kidney?
renal hypertension hydronephrosis renal calculi nephromegaly Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
cystectomy cystolithotomy cystorrhaphy cystostomy cystotomy lithotripsy meatotomy nephrectomy nephrolysis Define these terms and the word parts that they contain. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Clicker Question (renal pelvis) / cv / (stone) / cv / (incision)
The correct term to label the diagram is? a) pyelolithostomy b) pyelolithotomy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)
nephropexy nephropyelolithotomy nephrostomy pyelolithotomy pyeloplasty ureterectomy urethroplasty vesicourethral suspension vesicotomy Define these terms and the word parts that they contain. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) fulguration renal transplant Give the definitions of the terms. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter 6 Lesson 6.2 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Objectives Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms related to the urinary system Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the urinary system. Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the urinary system. Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts
Diagnostic Imaging cystogram cystography intravenous urogram nephrogram nephrography nephrosonography nephrotomogram renogram retrograde urogram voiding cystourethrography (VCUC) Give the definitions of the terms. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)
Endoscopy cystoscope cystoscopy meatoscope meatoscopy nephroscopy ureteroscopy urethroscope Other urinometer Give the definitions of the terms and the word parts they contain. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Nephrotomogram Nephrosonogram Types of imaging.
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Diagnostic Term Not Built from Word Parts
Diagnostic Imaging KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) Laboratory blood urea nitrogen (BUN) creatinine specific gravity (SG) urinalysis (UA) KUB is a simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location. It is also used to identify calculi in the kidney, ureters, or bladder and to diagnose an intestinal obstruction. Give the definitions of the terms in the slide. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Clicker Question Which of the following may be used to diagnose
a stone in the tube leading from the kidney to the bladder? cystoscopy urethroscope ureteroscopy renogram Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts
albuminuria anuria azoturia diuresis dysuria glycosuria hematuria meatal nephrologist nephrology nocturia oliguria polyuria pyuria urinary urologist urology Give the definitions of the terms in the slide above and the word parts they contain. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts
catheter (cath) distended diuretic enuresis hemodialysis (HD) incontinence micturate peritoneal dialysis stricture urinal urinary catheterization urodynamics void Give the definitions of the terms in the slide. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Abbreviations BUN UA cath UTI ESWL VCUG HD IVU SG
What medical term do each of these abbreviations represent? (blood urea nitrogen; catheter; extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; hemodialysis; intravenous urogram; specific gravity; urinalysis; urinary tract infection; voiding cystourethrogram) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Clicker Question Which of the following may be used to
withdraw fluids: ESWL VCUG cath SC Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Discharge Summary Bruno Oliver is a 32-year-old white male, appearing his stated age, who was admitted to the hospital after presenting himself to the emergency department on 09/20/xx in acute distress. He complained of intermittent pain in the right posterior lumbar area, radiating to the right flank. He has a family history of nephrolithiasis and has been treated for this condition two other times in the past ten years. This patient was admitted to the Urology Unit and was administered intravenous morphine sulfate for pain control. VITAL SIGNS: Low-grade temperature of 99.4. Initial blood pressure was 146/92. The white blood count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit normal. The urinalysis showed microscopic hematuria. A KUB revealed calculi in the region of the right renal pelvis. A cystoscopy with a right retrograde urogram confirmed the presence of the three stones in the right kidney. Minimal ureteral obstruction was present. A percutaneous nephropyelolithotomy was completed with no complications. A ureteral stent was inserted as was an indwelling Foley catheter. Drainage from the right kidney was pale yellow in 48 hours. The Foley catheter was removed three days postoperatively. At discharge, the patient is voiding without difficulty. The stones were sent to the laboratory for analysis. The report indicated that they were calcium oxalate. The patient is to follow up with his urologist in a week to have his ureteral stent removed. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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