1. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 1 TUTORIAL 7 CREATING A COMPUTATIONAL STYLESHEET (Using XSLT style sheet to calculate values based on data from the source document)

2. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 2 OBJECTIVES In this chapter you will: Learn how to number nodes Apply XPath functions such as count() and sum() Create formulas using mathematical operators Work with text nodes and white space Create variables and parameters

3. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 3 OBJECTIVES In this chapter you will: Create named and recursive templates Work with multiple style sheets Learn how to use extension functions and elements

4. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 4 NUMBERING NODES Goal: add numbers to the items in columns Number nodes using: –Xpath’s position() function Position of the element in the result document Can be used in conditional statements –XSLT element

5. XP Using the number Element Source document Goblin Fountain Tracer Fire Dragon Fountain Rock the Sky Pyro Blast Style New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 5 Numbered list 1.Goblin Fountain 2.Tracer Fire 3.Dragon Fountain 4.Rock the Sky 5.Pyro Blast

6. XP Counting subset of items Source document Goblin Fountain Tracer Fire Dragon Fountain Rock the Sky Pyro Blast Style New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 6 Numbered list 1. Goblin Fountain 2. Dragon Fountain

7. XP Levels Source document Goblin Fountain Dragon Fountain Tracer Fire Rock the Sky Pyro Blast Style New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 7 Numbered list 1. Goblin Fountain 2. Dragon Fountain 1. Tracer Fire 2. Rock the Sky 3. Pyro Blast

8. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 8 USING Nodes are numbered according to position in source document Attributes: –select=expression: any XPath expression that evaluates to a number –count=pattern: specifies which nodes to count –level=type: tree level for nodes to count any = across different levels as if they were all siblings single = items at one level only (defaut) multiple = hierarchy count

9. XP Hierarchical numbered list Source document Goblin Fountain Dragon Fountain Tracer Fire Rock the Sky Pyro Blast Style /> New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 9 Hierarchical list 1. Fountains 1.2. Goblin Fountain 1.2. Dragon Fountain 2. Rockets 2.1. Tracer Fire 2. 2. Rock the Sky 2. 3. Pyro Blast1

10. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 10 USING Attributes: –from=pattern: pattern indicates where numbering should restart –format=pattern: pattern indicates number format 1=integer (1, 2, 3,…) A= alphabetical uppercase (A, B, C, …) a= alphabetical lowercase (a, b, c, …) i= lowercase Roman numerial (i, ii, iii, iv, v, …) I= uppercase Roman numerial (I, II, III IV, V, …) –grouping-size, grouping-separator: indicate how digits are grouped and separator character. For example displays “548710” as “54 87 10”

11. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 11 WORKING WITH XPATH FUNCTIONS Used to calculate numerical values or manipulate text strings Numerical functions: Examples:

12. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 12 XPATH TEXT FUNCTIONS

13. XP XPATH STRING FUNCTION Example Substring-before (“C101 C102 C103 C104”, “ ”) Locates the first blank space in the text string and extracts all the text before the first blank, e.g., “C101” New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 13

14. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 14 WORKING WITH MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS Six operators: Example:

15. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 15 FORMATTING NUMBERS XPath function format-number Syntax: format-number (value, format) Example: format-number (56823.847, “#,##0.00”) displays 56,823.85 Another example: format-number (56823.847, “#.##0,00”) displays 56.823,85

16. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 16 NUMBER FORMAT SYMBOLS

17. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 17 Format: Example:

18. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 18 ATTRIUTES

19. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 19 WORKING WITH TEXT NODES AND WHITE SPACE White space: –Space (press space bar), –Tab (pressing the tab key) –new line (pressing Enter key) –carriage return –nonbreaking space  Adjacent elements will have no white space between them can be used to create white space: –Syntax: &#160

20. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 20 CONTROLLING WHITESPACE Stripping space: –Remove text nodes that contain only white space from the result document –Syntax: –where list is a white-space separated list of elements in the source document that contain white space characters –Use * match all nodes

21. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 21 CONTROLLING WHITESPACE Preserving space: –Make sure that text nodes that contain only white space are not deleted –Syntax: –Use * as pattern to match all nodes Normalize space: –Remove leading and trailing spaces –X-pathSyntax: normalize-space(text) –Example: normalize-space (“ goodbye ”) returns the text string “goodbye”

22. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 22 USING VARIABLES User-defined name that stores a particular value or object, such as: Types: –number –text string –node set –boolean value (either true or false) –result tree fragment

23. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 23 VARIABLE SCOPE Global: –Can be referenced from anywhere within the style sheet –Must be declared at the top level of the style sheet, as a direct child of the element –Must have a unique variable name Local: –Referenced only within template –Can share name with other local or global variable

24. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 24 USING VARIABLES Declaring variables –Syntax: –Example: Names are case-sensitive Value only set once upon declaration Enclose text strings in single-quotes Example Referencing a variable: The name of the company is Note use of $ Not like variables of other languages

25. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 25 COPYING –Syntax: –Shallow copy: only node itself is copied –Syntax: –Deep copy: node and descendants are copied –Example:

26. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 26 USING PARAMETERS Similar to variables, but: –Value can be changed after it is declared –Can be set outside of scope Syntax: Example: To reference: $param-name

27. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 27 SETTING PARAMETER VALUES EXTERNALLY Depends on XSLT processor –Some work by appending parameter value to url Web browsers to not allow users to set parameters values directly –Use a JavaScript program from within the browser (see Tutorial 10)

28. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 28 TEMPLATE PARAMETERS Local in scope Created inside element To pass parameter to template –place element in element –Syntax: –No error if calling param name does not match template param name

29. XP TEMPLATE PARAMETERS Example … styles New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 29

30. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 30 INTRODUCING FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING Functional programming language: –Relies on the evaluation of functions and expressions, not sequential execution of commands –Different from most other languages

31. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 31 FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING PRINCIPLES Main program consists entirely of functions with well-defined inputs Results of program are defined in terms of function outputs No assignment statements; when a variable is declared, its value cannot be changed Order of the execution is irrelevant

32. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 32 FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING Easier to maintain and less susceptible to error No order of execution Each time a function is called, it does the same thing, regardless of how many times it has already been called, or the condition of other variables in the program Important to think about the desired end result, rather than the sequential steps needed to achieve that effect

33. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 33 RECURSION In functional programming, recursion takes the place of looping structures Function calls itself

34. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 34 USING NAMED TEMPLATES Template not associated with node set Collection of functions and commands that are accessed from other templates in the style sheet Syntax: styles, variables and parameters

35. XP USING NAMED TEMPLATES Example New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 35

36. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 36 CALLING NAMED TEMPLATES Syntax:...

37. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 37 WRITING A RECURSIVE TEMPLATE Templates that call themselves, usually passing along a new parameter value with each call Needs to have a stopping condition –Expressed in an if statement or a choose statement –If missing, will call itself without end

38. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 38 WRITING A RECURSIVE TEMPLATE Syntax with :

39. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 39 WRITING A RECURSIVE TEMPLATE Syntax with

40. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 40 WORKING WITH MULTIPLE STYLE SHEETS Use or –Not supported by all browsers Use to create a library of XSLT code –Syntax: –Same as inserting the components of included sheet directly into including file –Does not perform a direct text copy Does not copy opening and closing tags Copies the elements and templates within the style sheet

41. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 41 WORKING WITH MULTIPLE STYLE SHEETS –Syntax: –Must be at the top level of the style sheet; must be first child of –If name conflicts occur, importing sheet takes precedence –If you import several style sheets, the last one imported has the highest precedence among the imported sheets in the event of a name conflict.

42. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 42 WORKING WITH EXTENSION FUNCTIONS Provide extended functionality specific to XSLT processor –Caution: use extensions only when you are sure that a given document is always acessed using the same processor. Extension functions - extend the list of functions available to XPath and XSLT expressions Extension elements - extend the list of elements that can be used in an XSLT style sheet Extension attributes - extend the list of attributes associated with XSLT elements Extension attribute values - extend the data types associated with XSLT attributes

43. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 43 WORKING WITH EXTENSION FUNCTIONS Check processor documentation for support EXSLT: –Proposed common set of extensions –Not fully supported by all processors –Some functions supported by: 4XSLT saxon jd.xslt libxslt Xalan-J Because extension functions are not available on all XSLT processors, just be aware of them. They will not be on the final exam

44. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 44 USING EXTENSIONS Modify to include: <xsl:stylesheet version=”1.0” xmlns:xsl=”http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform” xmlns:math=”http://www.exslt.org/math” extension-element-prefixes=”math”> Syntax: prefix:function() Test function availability: function-available(“extension”)

45. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 45 EXSLT MATH FUNCTIONS

46. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 46 WRITING EXTENSION FUNCTIONS (MSXML) Add: script commands where language is the language of the script and prefix is the namespace prefix you want to assign to the extension functions script commands are the commands needed to create the extension function Processor used by IE

47. XP Example: random() <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform” xmlns:jsext:=“http://javacrript-extensions” xmlns:msxsl=“urn:schema-microsoft-com:xslt” extension-element-prefixes=“jsext masxsl”> function random() { returns Math.random(); } New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 47 Works only with MSXML

48. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 48 SUMMARY and position() are used to number elements XPath provides mathematical and string operators Standard mathematical operators (+, -, etc.) can be used in XSLT Number formatting uses format-number() function

49. XP New Perspectives on XML, 2 nd Edition Tutorial 7 49 SUMMARY White space characters are controlled with various XSLT elements and XPath functions Variables and parameters are used to supply user- defined values XSLT is a functional programming language Recursive templates provide looping logic in XSLT EXSLT provides a set of extension functions, elements, attributes and attribute values