1. Machining Workshop Technology
Mansoor Ghazi, Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of E&ME, NUST Pakistan

2. Contents Machining Definition Core Machining Operations Turning
Milling
Drilling
Boring
Shaping
Planing
Broaching
Machines (Lathe & Mill)
Machine Tools

3. Machining operations

4. Machining
Machining: A set of processes used to produce a part through “controlled” material removal.
Machining is subset of a whole range of subtractive manufacturing processes.
Core machining operations are:
Turning Operations
Milling Operations
Drilling Operations
Other miscellaneous machining operations include:
Sawing
Shaping
Planing
Broaching
Knurling
Threading

5. Turning
Used to remove material from a workpiece by rotating it against at a cutting tool.
The cutting tool is moved linearly across the rotating workpiece resulting in material removal.
The linear motion of cutting tool is called feed and it determines the depth and speed of cutting (CHECK WHAT IS FEED RATE AND DEPTH OF CUT).
Turning operations are performed on lathe machines.
Turning operations reduce the diameter of a workpiece either uniformly or to form a taper (known as taper turning).
Turning operations are performed to produce axis-symmetrical parts.

6. Turning Illustrations

7. Milling
Contrary to turning, milling involves moving the workpiece along a static tool to remove material.
The tool rotates around its axis while being fixed at one point and the workpiece is translated/rotated around the tool to remove material.
Milling is performed with milling machines. Milling machines are broadly classified into:
Vertical Milling Machines
Horizontal Milling Machines
CHECK THE ABOVE TYPES OF MILLING MACHINES INCLUDING MULTI AXIS MACHINING.

8. Milling Illustrations

9. Drilling
Used to drill holes by contacting the static workpiece with a rotating cutting tool.
Drilling is performed with drill press machines, milling machines or lathe machines (HOW??).
The rotating cutting tool is termed as drill bit and is classified as a multi-point cutting tool (CHECK MULTI-POINT & SINGLE-POINT TOOLS).
Boring is similar to drilling, except that the tool remains static while the workpiece rotates to remove material.
Typical drill machines found in machining shops are:
Bench Drills
Radial Arm Drills

10. Miscellaneous Operations
STUDY THE FOLLOWING OPERATIONS:
Sawing
Threading
Knurling
Shaping
Planing
Broaching

11. Machines & Tools

12. Motions of Compound Rest
Lathe Machines
Manually Operated Lathe Machine
Motions of Compound Rest

13. Major Lathe Machine Parts
Head Stock
Chuck
Tool Post
Compound Rest
Tail Stock
Bed
Feed Screw
Carriage
DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE/OPERATION OF ABOVE COMPONENTS.

14. Milling Machine
Vertical Milling Machine
Horizontal Milling Machine

15. Drill Machine Bench Drill (with Fixed Spindle)
Radial Drill (with Moveable Spindle)

16. Cutting Tools
Cutting tools remove material from a workpiece by shear deformation.
Cutting tools are either:
Single Point Tools: Used for turning, shaping & planning.
Multipoint Tools: Used for milling & drilling.
Cutting tools should have following mechanical properties:
Hardness & strength at high temperatures.
Toughness to avoid fracture & chipping.
Wear resistance to ensure acceptable tool life.
STUDY COMMON TOOL STEEL MATERIALS. NAVIGATE TO THIS LINK

17. THE END