1. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 Digital Object Architecture-based Product Quality Safety Information Traceability System in Infant Formula Industry: Architecture, Advantages and Impacts Dr. Jian Zhou, Director of Informatization Research and Promotion Center, ETIRI, MIIT, China Combating Counterfeit and Substandard ICT Devices (Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014)

2. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 2 Index Background and Motivation Technology DOA and the Handle System Traceability System Design Ideas Architecture Workflow Advantages and Impacts Conclusions and Recommendations

3. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 3 1. Background and Motivation Key Problem for Food Industry Quality Safety Many food quality safety accidents result in serious consequences BSE (mad cow disease) in Europe Sudan red and melamine in China Clostridium botulinum in New Zealand Lack of management mechanism and necessary technical support Lack of Super- vision Hard to participate Hard to recall

4. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 4 1. Background and Motivation Building a public food quality safety traceability platform is an urgent and essential task on hand Collaboration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and traditional industries has the potential to satisfy practical requirements and bring benefits (boosting competitiveness) for those industries Consumer Public Platform Front End System

5. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 5 2. Technology The Handle System is a general-purpose global identifier service proposed by Dr. Robert E. Kahn in early 90’s It is one of the key components of the Digital Object Architecture (DOA) It manages handles (unique identifier for digital object and network resource) Multiple Advantages of Handle Every handle consists of two parts: Handle Prefix/ Suffix

6. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 6 2. Technology Digital Object Numbering Authority (DONA) and MPA China Coalition of ETIRI (MIIT), CDI and CHC The Handle System has been selected by China as the core technology for major national projects ''National Food Quality Safety Traceability Platform'' ''National Public Service Platform for IoT Identifier Management''

7. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 7 2. Technology – Handle System advantage Secured identifier service Validation of responsible identifier service performing the resolution Integration checking of resolution results Confidentiality whenever needed Credibility of the resolution result Access control per application need Discretionary administration and management

8. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 8 2. Technology – Handle System Advantage Open service architecture Extendable data model to support any state information Distributed administration/registration for easy adoption Distributed resolution to allow for scalability Support for any native language character

9. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 9 3. Traceability System Design Ideas 1) Conform to the national strategies of the construction of IoT architecture 2) Good openness and compatibility 3) Low cost, short period and notable effects 4) Legal/convenient tracing of information, meet the requirements of consumers, enterprises and the government 5) Secure and manageable system operation

10. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 10 3. Traceability System Architecture ''National Public Food Quality Safety Traceability Platform'' consists of five systems, provides services to multiple categories of users, and serves enterprises Food Industry Chain Enterprise Data Exchange System Public Identifier Service System Client Terminal Query System Traceability Service Website Security Authentication System

11. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 11 3. Traceability System Food Industry Chain All enterprises along the industry chain can serve as data sources: product coding adjustment, traceability data integration Support all types of two-dimension codes, including QR, DM, GM/CM, etc. Support RFID YiLi’s Product(DM) Yashili’s Product(QR)

12. Enterprise Data Exchange System Public Identifier Service System Allocation Resolution Query Client Website Enterprise Level Information System Product Info Consumption Info Enterprise Info Data Upload 86.1000.12 Public Food Quality Safety Traceability Platform Software Download Enterprise Data Exchange System (Different Enterprise) … Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 12 3. Traceability System Work Flow of the System Simple and efficient The users initiate traceability requests, and the requests containing handles are transmitted to the public identifier service system for resolution The enterprise data exchange system will get the requests, find the corresponding data that match the handles, and send them back to the users

13. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 13 4. Advantages and Impacts Impacts: Implementation The public traceability platform has been built by a technical group consisting of third-party research institutes and IT companies, led by ETIRI of MIIT, under the guidance of MIIT in 2013 and are put into practical use since June 14 th 2014. “Specification on product quality safety traceability system for infant formula industry” will be published in early 2015 as industrial standard in China

14. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 14 4. Advantages and Impacts Impacts: Participation of enterprises Six large infant formula enterprises have established connection with this public system, including Yili, the largest dairy manufacturer in China. Until Oct 31 th 2014, the number of registered handles for this application is over 80 million, and the number of traceability information items is 31.

15. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 15 4. Advantages and Impacts Advantages: On Multiple Subjects Consumers/the Public: convenient/authentic way to participate, boost confidence, higher credibility Enterprises: Avoid duplicate construction, lower input (information integration along the industry chain), assist combating counterfeit, anti-fleeing, and brand promotion(aided by dynamic info) Government: Aid emergency measures/ supervision & enforcement on enterprises

16. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 16 5. Conclusions and Recommendations A DOA-based product quality safety traceability system supporting traceability along the industry chain is introduced The system has high credibility, can aid combating counterfeit and the government's supervision Similar architectures could be applied in different industries and scenarios Collaboration of ICT technologies and traditional industries could result in competitiveness improvements

17. Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014 Thanks for your attention! Dr. Jian Zhou, Director of Informatization Research and Promotion Center, ETIRI, MIIT, China Email: zhoujian@cspiii.comzhoujian@cspiii.com Website: www.cspiii.comwww.cspiii.com WeChat Public Service Account: Combating Counterfeit and Substandard ICT Devices (Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 November 2014)