1. Level 6
Week 7

2. Review I come from a family that / whose loves chocolate.
My two sisters always bake chocolate chip cookies, which / that are hard to resist.
However, my mom is the one which / who loves chocolate the most.
She’s the one that / which makes chocolate cheesecake.
She has a recipe where / whose ingredients are a secret to all.

3. Review
The chocolate whom / Ø you see most in the United States is milk chocolate.
However, the kind that / when I like best is dark chocolate.
White chocolate, that / which is made from cocoa butter, is my brother’s favorite.
Our motto is, “The family Ø / that eats chocolate together stays together.”

4. Note 8: Omitting Relative Pronouns
Remember “identifying adjective clauses”:
The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious.
“That people leave uneaten” is identifying the vegetables (general).
If the clause identifies, you can omit the pronoun.
The vegetables people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious.

5. Note 8: Omitting Relative Pronouns
Remember “nonidentifying adjective clauses”:
Broccoli, which people leave uneaten, is very nutritious.
“which people leave uneaten” is nonidentifying because broccoli is specific.
If the clause doesn’t identify, you can’t omit the pronoun.
Incorrect: Broccoli people leave uneaten is very nutritious.

6. Note 8: That
The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious.
Broccoli, which people leave uneaten, are often the most nutritious.
What relative pronouns did I use?
Why did I use that for vegetables and which for broccoli?
Don’t use that as a relative pronoun in a nonidentifying clause.

7. Note 8: Referring to an Entire Idea
Helen is hardworking. Her hard work impresses me.
Helen is hardworking, which impresses me.
In this example, which is referring to the entire previous idea “Helen is hardworking.”

8. Note 8: Formal Writing
In formal writing and speech, use a noun at the beginning of a that or which clause.
Helen is hardworking, a characteristic that/which impresses me.
Inserted the noun “characteristic” before the clause.

9. Discover the Grammar: Exercise 1 pg. 202
A: Could the relative pronoun be replaced by the relative pronoun in the parenthesis without creating a different meaning or making an incorrect sentence? Write Y (yes) or N (no)
Y – person = who or that
Y - “morning glory” (thing) = which or that
N – whom serves as an object

10. Exercise 1 Y - can usually omit “when” for nouns of time
Y – that can also be an object, replacing “her”
N – which must be used because it is a nonidentifying adjective clause, comma usage
N – person = who or that
N – who must be used because it is a nonidentifying adjective clause, comma usage.

11. Exercise 1
B: Underline the adjective clause in each sentence. Then identify the clause as identifying (I) or nonidentifying (NI). Some of the relative pronouns have been omitted.
I: Are you the kind of person who resembles a daisy?
I: Try to place yourself and people (who/that) you know into one or more categories.

12. Exercise 1
NI: Nancy, who started her own greeting card business several years ago, is the perfect example.
I: An introvert is a person whose energies are activated by being alone.
NI: Nancy is impatient with detail and routine, which is why she has hired Paul and Mandy to manage her business.

13. Exercise 1
NI: Nancy’s husband Jack, whom most people consider a charismatic person, is a good example.
NI: Type C’s are sensitive, which can translate into trouble communicating with others.
I: Type D people are those who like routine and tend not to enjoy adventure.

14. Exercise 2: Relative Pronouns pg. 203
That – relative pronoun as subject (who or that)
Which – Entire idea (must use which)
Which – nonidentifying clause (commas)
Who – relative pronoun as subject (who or that)
Who – relative pronoun as subject
I also think whom works but the book says, “who”
Whom – relative pronoun as object (whom, who, that)

15. Exercise 2 Who – relative pronoun as subject (who or that)
Whose – possession ( whose + noun)
Omit – relative pronoun is object so it is okay to omit
Who – relative clause as subject (can’t omit)

16. Exercise 3: Identifying /Nonidentifying Clauses pg. 204
Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence with an adjective clause, using the relative pronoun in parenthesis. Use the first sentence in each pair as a main (independent) clause. Add commas where necessary.
The company which is named Excelsior Computer has existed for 15 years.
You could include commas since the company’s named in mentioned in the dependent clause.
The building where we do most of our work is located downtown.

17. Exercise 3 The office that I work in has been remodeled.
Remember, when you are referring to a place and use that or which, you need a preposition also.
Darren Corgatelli, whose wife is my aunt, is the boss.
Darren, whom I’ve known since I was a child, is an excellent boss.
Sarah Corgatelli, who is Darren’s wife, keeps the company running smoothly.

18. Exercise 4: Formal/Informal pg. 205
Read two reports by an attorney. Complete the spoken report with informal adjective clauses, omitting relative pronouns if possible and using contractions. Complete the written report with formal adjective clauses. Do not omit relative pronouns and do not use contractions. Put all verbs in the correct forms.

19. Exercise 4 Which is why (comma use which)
The other prisoners respected (object, omit)
He’s been working for (object, omit)
The psychiatrists considered (object, omit)
Which is the reason (comma use which)
Who has been in trouble

20. Exercise 4 An opinion that /which makes me
Whom the other prisoners respected
For which he has been working
Whom the psychiatrists considered
Evidence which (or that) makes me

21. Exercise 5: Editing pg. 206
Read the letter from a college student to her parents. There are eight mistakes in the use of adjective clauses. The first mistake is already corrected. Find and correct seven more.