1. Art, Robotics, and Technology
LEDs
Nanotechnology
How technology has been used in art
Your assignment
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

2. A machine or device that operates automatically or by remote control
A robot is defined as:
A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance.
A machine or device that operates automatically or by remote control
Therefore, what device was considered the first robot and when was it developed?
A clock, ~ 270 BC
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

3. A Short History of Robots
Robot Timeline:
350 BC - the Greek mathematician, Archytas (ahr ky’ tuhs) builds a mechanical bird dubbed “the pigeon” that is propelled by steam.
270 BC - a Greek engineer named Ctesibus (ti sib’ ee uhs) made a pipe organ called a “hydraulis” and water clocks with movable figures. These clocks were the most accurate until the use of the pendulum in the 17th century.
1801 – Joseph Jacquard builds an automated loom that is controlled by a punch card. Punch cards are later used as an input method for some early 20th century computers.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

4. Mary Shelley wrote "Frankenstein" which was about a frightening artificial life form created by Dr. Frankenstein.
Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the word "robotics" to describe the technology of robots and predicted the rise of a powerful robot industry.
Asimov wrote "Runaround", a story about robots which contained the "Three Laws of Robotics"
The term "robot" was first used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" by the Czech writer Karel Capek (chap’ ek). The plot was simple: man makes robot then robot kills man!
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

5. 1940 – Isaac Asimov produces a series of short stories about robots starting with “A Strange Playfellow” (later renamed “Robbie”) for Super Science Stories magazine. The story is about a robot bound to protect a child. It is later compiled into the volume, “I, Robot” in 1950.
"Cybernetics", an influence on artificial intelligence research was published by Norbert Wiener.
George Devol and Joseph Engelberger formed the world's first robot company.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

6. Three Laws of Robotics by Isaac Asimov
A robot may not injure a human, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey the orders it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
He later adds the “Zeroth Law”. A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

7. 1977 – Star Wars is released. George Lucas introduces watchers to R2-D2 and C-3PO, and the strongest image of a human future with robots. It inspires a generation of researchers.
The Standford Cart crossed a chair-filled room without human assistance. The cart had a TV camera mounted on a rail which took pictures from multiple angles and relayed them to a computer. The computer analyzed the distance between the cart and the obstacles.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

8. 1997 –Pathfinder lands on Mars.
1997 – The first node of the ISS is placed in orbit using a robotic arm.
1998 – Tiger Electronics introduces Furby. It can react to its environment and communicate using over 800 phrases.
2004 – The Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity land on Mars and prove that Mars was once covered with water.
Image courtesy of NASA
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

9. 2004 – I, Robot, new version of robots trying to take over the world.
Honda debuts new Asimo robot that can complete office tasks.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

10. Why are robots important in today’s society?
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

11. ROLES AND JOBS OF ROBOTS
Computer Assisted Manufacturing
Military
Medical
Space Exploration
Personal
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

12. Computer Assisted Manufacturing
Car Industry
General Packaging
Mail Processing
etc.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

13. Computer GPS guided bombs “smart bombs”.
MILITARY
Computer GPS guided bombs “smart bombs”.
Movement of troops, weapons, etc.
Advancements in war weapons, aircraft, artillery, naval ships, etc.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

14. Blood Pressure Machines etc.
MEDICAL
Prosthetic limbs
Pacemakers
Dialysis Machines
Heart rate monitors
Blood Pressure Machines
etc.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

15. Space Exploration Robonaut
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

16. Personal Satellite Assistant
Prototyped in 2003
Volleyball sized
Will aid astronauts
through various means
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

17. Robonaut Developed in 2004 Humanoid robot to assist astronauts
Controlled by Virtual Reality
Stereoscopic vision
Dexterous hands
Several configurations
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

18. Personal Fax Machines Computers Refrigerators Blenders Watches
GPS Receivers
etc.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

19. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, AND FUTURE CONCERNS OF ROBOTS
PROS:
Each machine “robot” helps our population greatly via technology advances and improvements in the overall health of our society.
Medicinal advancements
Labor intensive activities are decreased due to machines “robots”.
Mathematical & statistical computations.
Robots can go and do things that are unsafe for humans (Example: bomb disarming robots, space probes, etc..
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

20. CONS & Future concerns:
Loss of jobs due to replacement by robots.
War of the Worlds?
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

21. Robonova - 1
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

22. Light Emitting Diodes and Fiber-Optic Activity
LED’s are produced through nanotechnology
Created one atom layer at a time
The color of the LED can be controlled by varying the layers of atoms in the semiconductor
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

23. Light Emitting Diodes and Fiber-Optic Activity
LED’s are cool to the touch
Most of the energy goes into light not heat
Light is reflected along the interior of the fiber, like a “light pipeline”
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

24. Nanotechnology
Microprocessors and sensor technology
Nickel nanowires that are used in electronic devices (cell phones)
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

25. Nanotechnology Uses All around us sunscreen rechargeable batteries
clothing stain repellants
computer chips
cosmetics
1.Constantly finding ways to improve duration of batteries and make the recharge process faster
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

26. Nanotechnology Uses bottles bike frames -automotive tennis balls
toothpaste
2.Nanocomposites in bike frames
3.Bottles-thinner reflective material leads to a longer shelf life
4.Cars-copper nanoparticles make for a better lubricant in car engines
5. Tennis-bounces twice as long
6. Fuel Cell technology-hydrogen

27. Shape Memory Alloys Made from a nickel and titanium alloy
Result of an “atomic bullet” in which atoms subtly shift position in response to a stimulus
Eyeglasses, surgical
stents, arch wires for
braces
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

28. Experimenting with LEDs, robotics, and shape memory alloys
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

29. Robotics and Technology in Art Leonardo da Vinci
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

30. Robotics and Technology in Art The Kinetica Museum in London
A Tiny Point of Light by Dianne Harris
Dante Leonelli- Notting Hill Gate Instillation,
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

31. Robotics and Technology in Art The Kinetica Museum in London
Peter Vogal-
Trio, 2006
Jim Bond- untitled, n. d.
Istvan Haraszty Circles 1967
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

32. Robotics and Technology in Art Nam June Paik
Born in Seoul Korea
1956 graduated with art degree from University Tokyo
Joslyn Art Museum hosts one of his artworks
Family of Robots, n.d.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

33. Robotics and Technology in Art Nam June Paik
Megatron/Matrix, 1995
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

34. Robotics and Technology in Art Nam June Paik
Global Encoder, n.d
Buddha Game, 1991
Cage, 1990
Jacob’s Ladder, 2000
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

35. Robotics and Technology in Art Jenny Holzer
1950-current
Born in Gallipolis, Ohio
MFA from the Rhode Island School of Design
Received 3 honorary doctorates
Still working in New York
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

36. Robotics and Technology in Art Jenny Holzer
Truisms, 1978
Untitled (text from various works), 1989
A Survival Sorozatbol
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

37. Robotics and Technology in Art Barbara Kruger
1945-current
Born in Newark, New Jersey
Worked for Mademoiselle Magazine and House and Garden before starting her feminist-style art career
Lives in N.Y. and L.A.
Exhibition Piece 2, n. d.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

38. Robotics and Technology in Art Barbara Kruger
Exhibition Piece 3, n. d.
Love for Sale, n. d.
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

39. Robotics and Technology in Art Other Kinetic Artists
David Shingler
Bird Drawing Machine, 2008
Bruce Gray
California Dreamin’, 2008
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

40. Your Assignment
Use modern technology or robotics to create an advance work of art
Must use some form of modern technology
Must effectively demonstrate your technological choice (move, light up, etc.)
Must use your previous knowledge of the artistic elements (line, shape, value, color, movement, etc.)
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

41. Sample Assignments Extreme Sheep LEDs
Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009