1. Unit 4
Test Review

2. Theme is the meaning behind a story- the story’s message.

3. Identify Themes FYI The theme of a story is not stated.
The subject of a story is not the theme.
A theme is a writer’s insight about a subject.
A theme statement should not summarize a story’s theme is a single word or phrase.
A short story usually has one theme.
FYI

4. Symbol
Symbol is a person, place, object, or activity that stands for something beyond itself. 

5. Symbol 2. The color red symbolizes a character’s anger at the world.
FYI
Examples of symbols –
1. A fork in the road symbolizes an important decision.
2. The color red symbolizes a character’s anger at the world.
3. A rainstorm symbolizes an emotional upheaval.

6. Six clues to a story’s theme
title
plot and conflict
characters
setting
symbols
important statements

7. Universal Theme
Universal themes deal with emotions and experiences that are common across all time periods and cultures.

8. Theme FYI Examples of universal themes:
a. People can learn from the past.
b. Family can be a source of strength.
c. There are no winners in war.
d. Difficult choices are part of growing up.
e. Revenge doesn’t pay.
f. Love binds people together.

9. Sequence of events
A story does not have to be written in chronological order – the sequence of events can be altered based on the writer’s preference.
1…2…3…4…5
5…2…1…3…4

10. Vocabulary imminent – about to occur
The Scarlet Ibis
imminent – about to occur
doggedness – persistence; stubbornness
reiterate – to repeat
precariously – insecurely; in a dangerous or unstable way
exotic – excitingly strange

11. Vocabulary analytic – using logical reasoning or analysis
Math and After Math
dialect – a variety of a standard language unique to a certain region or social group 
scenario – a description of a possible course of action or events
intuitive – based on what seems to be true without conscious reasoning; instinctive
analytic – using logical reasoning or analysis

12. Vocabulary futile – having no useful result perverse – wrong; harmful
Marigolds
futile – having no useful result
perverse – wrong; harmful
bravado – a false show of courage or defiance 
exuberance – condition of unrestrained joy 
squalor – a filthy, shabby, and wretched condition, as from poverty

13. Review of Poems
Poem on Returning to Dwell in the Country: He was once materialistic and ambitious but has given up these entrapments (“barred cage”/ “dusty net”). He will return to the country and live simply.
My Heart Leaps Up: The speaker feels joy when he sees a rainbow (he has since childhood). He would rather die than lose his ability to feel joy in nature.
The Sun: She describes the pleasure the sun gives to those who are open to its beauty. She asks the reader if he/she is able to enjoy nature or is consumed by power and material objects.

14. Themes People can find ways to create beauty in the ugliness of life.
Marigolds: Poverty limits people’s lives and deprives them of life’s beauty.
People can find ways to create beauty in the ugliness of life.
The Future in my Arms: A community has a responsibility to raise its young and prepare them for life.
Two Kinds: Unrealistic expectations can create bitterness, stifle talent and freedom, and cause rebellion.

15. Themes Selfish pride causes more harm than good.
Math and After Math: Gender stereotypes lead to poor performance, which in turn contributes to low expectations for success.
The Scarlet Ibis: Cruelty mixes with love in each of us.
Selfish pride causes more harm than good.
Cherish what you have, for you never know when it will be taken from you.

16. STUDY!