1. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
INFORMATION SYSTEM
7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Learning Outcome
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
1. Identify the steps of system development life cycle
2. Describe each step of system development life cycle

2. What is SDLC ? 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Collection of phases that contain set a group of activities in the information system development.

3. Steps of SDLC 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Activities contain five (5) phases
3. Design 4.
Implementation 5.
Maintenance
1. Planning 2.
Analysis

4. SDLC (Major Activities)
2nd phase: Analysis
Conduct preliminary investigation
Perform detailed analysis activities:
- Study current system
- Determine user requirements
- Recommend solution
1st phase: Planning
3rd phase: Design
Acquire hardware and software, if necessary
Develop details of the new or modified system.
Review project requests
Prioritize project requests
Allocate resources
Identify project development team
SDLC
(Major Activities)
5th phase: Maintenance.
4th phase: Implementation
. Perform maintenance activities
. Monitor system performance
. Evaluate system security
Develop programs,
Install and test new system
Train users
Convert to new system

5. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
1st phase: Planning
Begins when the steering committee received a project request
Committee members usually consists of five to nine members
example: mix of vice presidents, managers, non-management users, and IT personnel
1st phase: Planning
Review project requests
Prioritize project requests
Allocate resources
Identify project development team

6. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
2nd phase: Analysis
2nd phase: Analysis
1. Conduct preliminary investigation
2. Perform detailed analysis activities:
- Study current system
- Determine user requirements
- Recommend solution
1. Conduct preliminary investigation
Sometimes called the feasibility study
Defines the problem - The main purpose is to determine the exact nature of the problem or improvement & decide whether it is worth pursuing.

7. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
2nd phase: Analysis
Conduct preliminary investigation
Interview the user who submitted the project request and others users.
Upon completion of the preliminary investigation, the systems analyst writes the feasibility report to present the team’s findings to the steering committee.
Decide pursuing or not.
Four (4) tests to evaluate feasibility of a project:
Operational feasibility
Schedule feasibility
Technical feasibility
Economic feasibility

8. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
2nd phase: Analysis
2. Perform detailed analysis activities:
Detailed analysis sometimes is called logical design because the systems analysts develop the proposed solution without regard to any specific hardware or software.
Involves three major activities:
(1) study how the current system works
(2) determine the users’ wants, needs & requirements
(3) recommend a solution.

9. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
3rd phase: Design
3rd phase: Design
1. Acquire hardware and software, if necessary
2. Develop details of the new or modified system
Acquire hardware and software
The activity consists of four major tasks:
identify technical specifications
request vendor proposals
test and evaluate vendor proposals
make a decision

10. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
3rd phase: Design
Develop details of the new or modified system
After the systems analyst identifies the data and process requirements, the next step is to develop detailed design specifications for the components in the proposed solution.
A detailed design sometimes is called a physical design because it specifies hardware & software — the physical components required — for automated procedures.
The activities include developing designs for the databases, inputs, outputs & programs.

11. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation
The purpose of this phase is to Construct or build the new or modified system and then deliver it to the user
Four (4) major activities
4th phase: Implementation
1. Develop programs
2. Install and test new system
3. Train users
4. Convert to new system

12. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation
Develop programs
If the organization purchases packaged software (no modifications required) the development team may skip this activity.
For custom software or packaged software, however, programs are developed or modified either by an outside firm or in-house.
Programmers write or modify programs from the program specification package created during the analysis phase.
These program development follow an organized set of activities known as the program development life cycle.

13. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation
2. Install and test new system
If the organization acquires new hardware or software, someone must install and test it
Tests performed during this step include:
1. unit tests - verifies that each individual program or object works by itself.
2. systems tests - verifies that all programs in an application work together properly
3. integration tests - verifies that an application works with other applications.
4. acceptance tests - performed by end- users & checks the new system to ensure that it works with actual data.

14. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation
3. Train user
Training involves showing users exactly how they will use the new hardware and software in the system.
Some training takes place as one-on-one sessions or classroom style lectures
Other organizations use Web-based training, which is a self-directed, self-paced online instruction technique.

15. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation
Convert to new system
The final implementation activity is to change from the old system to the new system.
This change can take place using one or more of the following conversion strategies:
1. direct
2. parallel
3. phased
4. pilot

16. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation

17. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
5th phase: Maintenance
Provide ongoing assistance for an information system after the system is implemented
Three (3) major activities
5th phase: Maintenance.
1. Perform maintenance activities
2. Monitor system performance
3. Evaluate system security

18. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
5th phase: Maintenance
1. Perform maintenance activities
corrective maintenance
adaptive maintenance
2. Monitor system performance
perfective maintenance

19. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
5th phase: Maintenance
3. Evaluate system security
All elements of an information system must be secure from threats both inside and outside.
Users should be allowed access only to the data and information for which they are authorized (Maintain confidentiality)
Data should be secure so that intruders cannot alter, damage, or steal data. (Ensure integrity and reliability)
Networks need safeguards to prevent them from being compromised. (Limited access to information)

20. 7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
REFERENCES
Shelly, G.B., & Vermaat, M. (2012). Discovering computers: Your interactive guide to the digital world. Boston, MA: Course Technology/ Cengage Learning. 20