1. STANDARD(S): 12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1.Explain why States make interstate compacts. 2.Understand the purpose of the Full Faith and Credit Clause. 3.Describe the Extradition Clause and explain its purpose. 4.Explain the purpose of the Privileges and Immunities Clause.

3. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 3 Chapter 4, Section 3 Key Terms interstate compact: an agreement made between two States Full Faith and Credit Clause: the clause of the Constitution that says that each State will respect the laws, records, and court decisions of other States

4. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 4 Chapter 4, Section 3 Key Terms, cont. extradition: the legal process of returning a fugitive to a State Privileges and Immunities Clause: NO State can make unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who live in another State

5. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 5 Chapter 4, Section 3 Introduction How do the States work together to preserve the Union? –State governments make interstate compacts. –States offer full faith and credit to the laws, official records, and court rulings of other States. –States extradite fugitives to other States. –States respect the privileges and immunities of residents of other States.

6. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 6 Chapter 4, Section 3 Interstate Compacts No State may enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation. However, the States may, with the consent of Congress, enter into interstate compacts—agreements among themselves and with foreign states. More than 200 compacts are now in force, and range in a variety of uses from sharing law-enforcement data to resource development and conservation. 3

7. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 7 Chapter 4, Section 3 Interstate Compacts States can enter agreements with other States and with foreign governments with the consent of Congress. –The number of these agreements has increased over time. –There are interstate agreements to share law enforcement data, counter global climate change, encourage cooperation between public universities, and coordinate the conservation of water and wildlife.

8. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 8 Chapter 4, Section 3 Interstate Compacts, cont. States also cooperate to manage shared resources and border areas. –The States of Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico meet at the “Four Corners.”

9. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 9 Chapter 4, Section 3 Interstate Compacts State’s form compacts with other States: to achieve together what one state might have difficulty doing alone. 3

10. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 10 Chapter 4, Section 3

11. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 11 Chapter 4, Section 3 Ratified Tribal-State Gaming Compacts (New and Amended) The State of California has signed and ratified Tribal-State Gaming Compacts with 71 Tribes and there are Secretarial Procedures in effect with one Tribe. There are currently 59 casinos operated by 58 Tribes

12. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 12 Chapter 4, Section 3 Guided Reading: Interstate Relations 1. Interstate Compacts Why might States feel the need to form compacts with other States? to achieve together what one State might have difficulty doing alone

13. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 13 Chapter 4, Section 3 Full Faith and Credit The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the Constitution requires each State to honor and enforce the laws, official documents, and court rulings of other States. –Documents issued in one State—such as birth certificates—must be accepted in all States.

14. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 14 Chapter 4, Section 3 The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the Constitution ensures that States –recognize the laws (public acts) –documents (records) –court (judicial) proceedings of the other States.

15. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 15 Chapter 4, Section 3

16. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 16 Chapter 4, Section 3

17. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 17 Chapter 4, Section 3

18. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 18 Chapter 4, Section 3 Guided Reading: Interstate Relations 2. Full Faith and Credit What are three areas in which States give full faith and credit to citizens of other States? public acts, (laws) records, (birth, marriage, ect) and judicial proceedings (court rulings)

19. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 19 Chapter 4, Section 3 Exceptions There are two key exceptions to the Full Faith and Credit Clause: –It applies only to the civil laws of each State, not the criminal laws. –If a person who does not live in a State is granted a divorce by that State, the State in which that person actually resides can refuse to recognize the divorce.

20. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 20 Chapter 4, Section 3 Marriage and Divorce Only the State in which a couple has established residency can grant them a divorce. Same-sex marriages are outlawed by the federal government and 41 States. –However, several States allow legal same-sex marriages or civil unions. –The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) says that no State can be forced to recognize a same-sex marriage performed in another State.

21. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 21 Chapter 4, Section 3 Marriage and Divorce The constitutionality of DOMA has not yet been decided. Interracial marriage was illegal in many States until the Supreme Court ruled in 1958 that such laws were unconstitutional. NOTE TO The above image shows Richard and Mildred Loving. The couple married in Washington D.C. in 1958, but were arrested in Virginia, their home state, where interracial marriage was illegal. The case went to the Supreme Court, which declared the Virginia law unconstitutional.

22. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 22 Chapter 4, Section 3 Marriage and Divorce Williams v. North Carolina, Mr. Williams and Ms. Hendrix moved to Nevada and filed for divorce from their respective spouses. Once the divorces were final Mr. Williams and Ms. Hendrix were married and then moved back to North Carolina. They lived there together until they were charged by the state of North Carolina for bigamous cohabitation and manipulating the state laws in their favor. United States Supreme Court 1942 case in which the Court held that the federal government determines marriage and divorce statuses between state lines. The Supreme Court of North Carolina, in affirming the judgment, declared that North Carolina was not required to recognize the Nevada decrees under the full faith and credit clause of the Constitution (Art. IV, 1) In 1944, the Supreme Court ruled that, “The Nevada divorces were valid, and must be given full faith and credit by North Carolina, if the travelers really were domiciled in Nevada when they received their divorces.

23. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 23 Chapter 4, Section 3 Extradition The Constitution states that people charged with a crime in one State who flee to another State must be extradited—returned to the State where they were originally charged. –Typically a State governor asks another State governor to return any captured fugitives. Such requests are usually upheld. –If extradition is challenged, the federal government can order a governor to extradite a fugitive.

24. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 24 Chapter 4, Section 3 Extradition Extradition is the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that State. Extradition is upheld through Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution. 3

25. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 25 Chapter 4, Section 3 Extradition Governors are the State executives that handle the extradition process. If a governor is unwilling to return a fugitive to a State, federal courts can intervene and order that governor to do so. 3

26. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 26 Chapter 4, Section 3 Guided Reading: Interstate Relations 3. Extradition What is extradition? the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that State from another

27. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 27 Chapter 4, Section 3 Privileges and Immunities No State can make unreasonable distinctions between its residents and residents of another State. –Each State must recognize the right of any American to travel in or become a resident of that State. –Citizens can also marry, buy, own, rent, or sell property, and use the courts in any State, no matter where they live.

28. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 28 Chapter 4, Section 3 Privileges and Immunities, cont. States can make reasonable distinctions between their residents and those of other States. –People can be required to live in a State for certain period of time before they can vote, hold public office, or be licensed in certain professions. –States can also charge higher fees to out-of-State hunters, fishers, or students attending a State’s public universities.

29. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 29 Chapter 4, Section 3 Privileges and Immunities, cont. Checkpoint: Why might a State be restricted from making distinctions between its residents and those of another State? –This could lead to unfair social or economic treatment of U.S. citizens, such as preferential hiring of in-State residents or lower welfare benefits for newly arrived residents. –It could also cause conflict between States.

30. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 30 Chapter 4, Section 3 Privileges and Immunities The Privileges and Immunities Clause provides that no State can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who happen to live in other States. States cannot, for example, pay lower welfare benefits to newly arrived residents than it does to its long-term residents, Saens v. Roe, 1999. 3

31. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 31 Chapter 4, Section 3 Privileges and Immunities However, States can draw reasonable distinctions between its own residents and those of other states, such as charging out-of-State residents: –higher tuition for State universities than in-State residents. –Higher fishing or hunting license fees 3

32. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 32 Chapter 4, Section 3 Guided Reading: Interstate Relations 4. Privileges and Immunities What is an example of a reasonable discrimination a State may exercise against a citizen of another State? A State may charge a non-resident higher fees for fishing or hunting licenses or to attend a State university.

33. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 33 Chapter 4, Section 3 Review Now that you have learned about how the States work together to preserve the Union, go back and answer the Chapter Essential Question. –Is the federal system the best way to govern the United States?