1. BRICKS By : Aabha Parikh Ami Ponkia Bhargav Paruthi Nirav Suthar
Sagar B Patel

2. INTRODUCTION
A brick is a block or a single unit of a ceramic material used in masonry construction. Typically bricks are stacked together or laid as brickwork using various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and make a permanent structure.
In the general sense, a "brick" is a standard-sized weight-bearing building unit.

3. TYPES OF BRICKS MUD BRICK SUN BAKED BRICK PERFORATED BRICK
PAVING BRICK
MODULAR BRICK
FLY ASH BRICK
GLASS BRICK
CLADING BRICK
CONCRETE BRICK
CALCIUM SILICATE BRICK

4. MUD BRICKS
SUN DRIED BRICKS
PAVING BRICKS
PERFORATED BRICKS

5. FLYASH BRICKS
MODULAR BRICKS
GLASS BRICKS

6. CLADING BRICKS
CONCRETE BRICKS
CALCIUM SILICATE BRICKS

7. Concrete Block
Concrete Block is a rectangular brick used in construction
Concrete blocks are made from cast concrete, usually sand and fine gravel for high-density blocks.
The size is usually about 3 ⁄ 8 in (9.5 mm) smaller to allow for mortar joints.

8. COMPOSITION OF BRICK
ALUMINIA
SILICA
LIME
OXIDES OF IRON
MAGNESIA

9. PREPARATION
PREPARATION OF CLAY
MOULDING
DRYING
BAKING

10. PREPARATION OF CLAYS

11. MOULDING
Rectangular boxes of wood or steel, open from bottom and top. Steel moulds are more durable and used for manufacturing on large scale.

12. WOODEN MOULDING

13. DRYING

14. BAKING

15. Constituents present in Clay
Colors of Bricks
Color Of Brick
Constituents present in Clay
Black
Manganeese and greater portion of iron
Bluish Green
When alkalies burnt at higher temperatures
Bright Red, Dark Blue or Purple
Large Amount of iron oxide
Brown
Lime in excess
Cream
Iron and little Lime
Red
Iron in excess
White
Pure clay
Yellow
Iron and Magnesia

16. TEST FOR BRICKS ABSORPTION TEST CRUSHING TEST HARDNESS
PRESENCE OF SOLUBLE SALTS
SHAPE AND SIZE
SOUNDNESS

17. ABSORPTION TEST
HARDNESS TEST
CRUSHING TEST

18. SOUNDNESS TEST
PRESENCE OF SOLUBLE SALTS
SHAPE AND SIZE

19. DIFFERENT SHAPES OF BRICKS

20. Types of BONDS
FLEMISH BOND
STRETCHER BOND

21. ENGLISH BOND
DENTAL DOG TOOTH IS A NICE AFFECT THAT CAN BE USED TO SPLIT LEVELS IN LARGE WALLS OR COULD JUST BE USED AS A FEATURE BELOW WINDOW OPENINGS

22. Face brick ("house brick") sizes, (alphabetical order)
Standard
Imperial
Metric
 Australia
9 × 4⅓ × 3 in
230 × 110 × 76 mm
 Denmark
9 × 4¼ × 2¼ in
228 × 108 × 54 mm
 Germany
9 × 4¼ × 2¾ in
240 × 115 × 71 mm
 India
228 × 107 × 69 mm
 Romania
9 × 4¼ × 2½ in
240 × 115 × 63 mm
 Russia
10 × 4¾ × 2½ in
250 × 120 × 65 mm
 South Africa
8¾ × 4 × 3 in
222 × 106 × 73 mm
 Sweden
250 × 120 × 62 mm
 United Kingdom
8½ × 4 × 2½ in
215 × × 65 mm
 United States
7⅝ × 3⅝ × 2¼ in
194 × 92 × 57 mm

23. GRADES OF BRICK
FIRST CLASS
SECOND CLASS
THIRD CLASS
FOURTH CLASS

24. FIRST CLASS BRICKS
1st class bricks are the best quality of bricks all over India. they mainly range from Rs ( per 1000 bricks including shipping).

25. SECOND CLASS BRICKS
2nd class bricks are now widely used in metro cities . They are mainly used in the construction of FLATS where large quantity of the product is used. this product mainly range from Rs (per 1000 bricks including shipping)

26. THIRD CLASS BRICKS
These bricks are slightly under burnt or over burnt. • They are not uniform in shape, size and edges. • They shall not observe water more than 25% of their own dry weight after 24 hours, immersion in cold water. • They have some signs of efflorescence.

27. FOURTH CLASS BRICKS
The fourth class bricks are used as road metal and as aggregates in the foundation concrete.

28. Characteristics of Brick
-    Soft -    Porous -    Outer crust is harder and more dense than the inner material -    Fireproof -    Long life when properly maintained -    Low maintenance when properly laid -    Available in wide rage of colors and textures -    May be cast in decorative molds -    May be carved -    Bricks used during the 18th and 19th centuries were soft and     porous; They absorbed 20-25% of their weight in water (by the     end of the 19th century, 10% or less was considered the     accepted maximum). -    Soft, under burned bricks may absorb as much as 35% of their     weight in water; The absorbency factor is important to know     when comparing modern bricks with old ones.

29. Advantages
1. Since shape and size of bricks are uniform, it do not need skilled labor for the construction. 2. Bricks are light in weight and hence handling them is easy. 3. Bricks are easily available around cities and their transportation cost is less because their weight is less. Stones are to be brought from quarries which are located only at few places. 4. It is possible to use all types of mortar in brick masonry. For unimportant buildings even mud mortar can be used. 5. Thinner walls can be constructed with bricks but it is not so with stones. 6. It is easy to form openings for doors and windows. 7. Dead load of brick masonry is less. 8. In brick masonry mortar joints are thin and hence construction cost is reduced considerably. 9. Brick masonry has better fire and weather resistance compared to stone masonry

30. Disadvantages
1. Strength of brick masonry is less than that of stone masonry. 2. Durability of brick masonry is less. 3. Brick masonry needs plastering and plastered surface needs colour washing. Stone masonry don’t need them and hence maintenance cost is more in brick masonry. 4. Brick masonry absorbs water and there are possibility of dampness. There is no such problem in stone masonry. 5. More architectural effects can be given in stone masonry compared to that in brick masonry. 6. Stone masonry gives massive appearance and hence monumental buildings are built in stone masonry.

31. Factors affecting the strenght of brick
Preparation of clay and blending of ingredients.
Nature of moulding applied.
Burning and baking processes
Drying time and nature.
Care taken during loading.
Harmful ingredients of Brick
Salt
Sand
Gravel

32. USAGE OF BRICKS
BRICK AS STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

33. BRICK AS SPANNING ELEMENT

34. BRICK AS DECORATIVE ELEMENT

35. THE END