1. Analysis of certain waste streams and the potential of Industrial Symbiosis to promote waste as a resource for EU Industry: Non-scrap metallic waste Dr. Valentijn Bilsen 16 th April 2015 4 th International Slag Valorisation Symposium Leuven

2. Project context 1. Goal 1. Identify 5 waste streams where industrial symbiosis (IS) may promote valorisation of production residuals 2. EU market potential 3. What are the obstacles, drivers and potential policies 2. Selected streams 1. Pre-consumer mixed food & vegetal wastes 2. C&D waste 3. Plastics 4. Wood waste, and 5. Non-scrap metallic waste (NSMW )

3. Selected results non-scrap metallic waste (NSMW) EU market for NSMW: size: ?  Ferrous slag: well developed market: 95% valorised  Non-ferrous NSMW: ?  Applications: road construction, cement production, fertiliser, hydraulic engineering, gypsum production, chemicals Estimation: volume of NSMW in 2010 (million metric tonnes)  ±10% of primary metal ores annually imported in the EU-28!

4. 1. Drivers 1. Improving cost efficiency & ROI 2. New market niches 3. Environmental benefits, avoidance of future liability costs 2. Obstacles 1. Global market price of virgin material: price taker 2. Price evolutions of substitute products 3. No single EU market for NSMW: differences across MS 4. Need for fine-tuning EU regulations and directives 3. Policy conclusions: substantial valorisation potential 1. Improve value creation in existing networks, activities and practices 2. Widen the scope of applications for NSMW valorisation

5. Contact details Project leader: Dr. Valentijn BILSEN Senior Expert IDEA Consult n.v. Kunstlaan 1-2, bus 16 B-1210 Brussels Tel: +32 (0)2 282 17 16 Valentijn.Bilsen@ideaconsult.be