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Published byJustina Ramsey Modified over 9 years ago
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Mark Schrimpf
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Background Process Economics Health Implications Politics
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Enzymatic conversion of glucose to fructose ◦ Produces desired sweetness Invented in 1957 by Richard O. Marshall and Earl R. Kooi ◦ Not economically feasible for mass production Dr. Yoshiyuki Takasaki 1965–1970 industrialized process ◦ Began appearing in soft drinks by 1975
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C 6 H 12 O 6 Liquid carbohydrates (advantage) Monosaccharide glucose fructose
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Solid Disaccharide of glucose and sucrose monomers Found in Sugar Cane and Sugar Beets
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HFCS 42 ◦ Enzymatic Product ◦ Cereal and baked goods ◦ 42% fructose, 53% glucose, 5% other sugars ◦ Less sweet than sucrose (table sugar) HFCS 90 ◦ Purified – liquid chromatography ◦ Specialty ◦ 90% fructose, 10% glucose ◦ More sweet than sucrose HFCS 55 ◦ Mixture ◦ Soft drinks ◦ 55% fructose, 42% glucose, 3% other sugars ◦ Similar sweetness to sucrose
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3 enzymes: ◦ Alpha-amylase slurry Corn Starch Oligosaccharides ◦ Glucoamylase slurry Oligosaccharides Glucose ◦ Xylose isomerase Packed bed column ($) Glucose HFCS 42
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Corn=$0.09/lb HFCS=$0.20/lb
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USA leading consumer and producer 1,673 pounds per person in 2006 6x as much as Europe and China 58x as much as India
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10.18 million metric tons consumed -7.18 million metric tons produced = Government Quota Import Tariffs $3.86 billion in 2011 Michigan and MinnesotaCentral America, Africa, Caribbean
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All Natural Product? Corn Syrup vs. Corn Sugar “Your body can’t tell the difference!” Lawsuits
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Rate at which body processes glucose High GI Food is rapidly absorbed ◦ Increased triglycerides ◦ Spikes in insulin; drop in blood sugar ◦ Stored as fat Low GI Food is slowly absorbed ◦ Used as fuel ◦ Small insulin release Table Sugar = 80 HFCS = 87
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Rat experiments show HFCS to lead to higher body weight gain and a larger appetite. However, similar experiments with human subjects has been inconclusive. What does other data suggest?......
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Politics ◦ Are large regulation and subsidies a good thing? ◦ 2012 Farm Bill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSRRA2DfNe4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSRRA2DfNe4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pCDc_vz- 3U&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pCDc_vz- 3U&feature=related Diet and Health ◦ Are the negative effects from HFCS or just bad overall diet and exercise? Climate Change ◦ 2012 drought ◦ What is the effect on quality and pricing? ◦ Will it be the new norm? Other Questions?
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