1. “Cellular Respiration”
A Presentation About
“Cellular Respiration”
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2. Made by: Eullene E. Domingo Made for: Roan Hope A. Ocaban and
Mr. Jonathan Gareza (Jong2)
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3. ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
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What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds
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5. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
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What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
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7. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP
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8. What is the Process Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
H2O
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How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
ATPase
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How is ATP Re-Made?
The reverse of the previous process occurs.
Another Enzyme is used!
ATP Synthetase
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The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP Synthetase
ATP-ase
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12. When is ATP Made in the Body?
During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals
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Cellular Respiration
Includes pathways that require oxygen
Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced
Glucose breakdown is therefore an oxidation-reduction reaction
Breakdown of one glucose results in 36 to 38 ATP molecules
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14. Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H20 + e ATP’s
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15. What Type of Process is Cellular Respiration?
An Oxidation-Reduction Process or REDOX Reaction
Oxidation of GLUCOSE --> CO2 + H2O (e- removed from C6H12O6)
Reduction  O2  to  H2O (e- passed to O2)
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16. What Carries the Electrons?
NAD+ (nicotinadenine dinucleotide) acts as the energy carrier
NAD+ is a coenzyme
It’s Reduced to NADH when it picks up two electrons and one hydrogen ion
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17. Are There Any Other Electron Carriers?
YES! Another Coenzyme!
FAD+ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide)
Reduced to FADH2
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18. Other Cellular Respiration Facts
Metabolic Pathway that breaks down carbohydrates
Process is Exergonic as High-energy Glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O
Process is also Catabolic because larger Glucose breaks into smaller molecules
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19. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain
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20. Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?
It actually takes place in two parts of the cell:
Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria
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21. Review of Mitochondria Structure
Smooth outer Membrane
Folded inner membrane
Folds called Cristae
Space inside cristae called the Matrix
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Diagram of the Process
Occurs across Cristae
Occurs in Cytoplasm
Occurs in Matrix
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Glycolysis Summary
Takes place in the Cytoplasm
Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)
Requires input of 2 ATP
Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid
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Glycolysis Summary
Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP
Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed
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Glycolysis Diagram
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Fermentation
Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol)
Nets only 2 ATP
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27. A Little Krebs Cycle History
Discovered by Hans Krebs in 1937
He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1953 for his discovery
Forced to leave Germany prior to WWII because he was Jewish
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Krebs Cycle Summary
Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle
Turns twice per glucose molecule
Produces two ATP
Takes place in matrix of mitochondria
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Krebs Cycle Summary
Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2, and 2CO2
Therefore, For each Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces 6NADH, 2FADH2, 4CO2, and 2ATP
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Krebs Cycle
ATP
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NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH2, & 2CO2

31. Electron Transport Chain Summary
34 ATP Produced
H2O Produced
Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane
Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept e- from glucose
NADH = 3 ATP’s
FADH2 = 2 ATP’s
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Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration (red arrows) is the main means by which both plants and animals utilize energy in the form of organic compounds that were previously created through photosynthesis (green arrow).
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to generate energy (ATP).
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Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be processed and consumed as reactant, it is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown in glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter themitochondrion in order to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle.
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The product of this process is energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2.
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Simplified reaction: C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔG = kJ per mole of C6H12O6 *The negative ΔG indicates that the reaction can happen spontaneously
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The reducing potential of NADH and FADH2 is converted to more ATP through an electron transport chain with oxygen as the "terminal electron acceptor". Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation.
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This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane. This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and a phosphate group.
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However, this maximum yield is never quite reached due to losses (leaky membranes) as well as the cost of moving pyruvate and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix and current estimates range around 29 to 30 ATP per glucose.
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Aerobic metabolism is 19 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism (which yields 2 mol ATP per 1 mol glucose). They share the initial pathway of glycolysis but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The post glycolytic reactions take place in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, and in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells.
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40. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration is used by some microorganisms in which neither oxygen (aerobic respiration) nor pyruvate or pyruvate derivative (fermentation) is the final electron acceptor. Rather, an inorganic acceptor (for example, Sulfur) is used.
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..take a closer look!..
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46. “Happy Teachers Day Sir!”
.thank you xah pag’agwanta xmun nga kagahudun kg pagkasalawayun!
.thank you man kai dmu gid kme n’learn xmu, especially ang “BOTANY”!
.it’s a pleasure to have you as a teahcer!
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..thank you man kay gna’try mu gd ang best mo nga ma share man xmun ang nbal’an mu.. .pru sir, nd man gd pag’ englisha tnan ai! Nosebleed kme ia! hehe
Vote! PUERTO GAREZA!!
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