1. Platetechtonics

2. Continental Drift The theory discovered by Alfred Wegener that states the continents were once connected but later drifted apart to their current locations.

3. Evidence supporting continental drift 1)Shapes of the continents - The continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. The first piece put in place was the Eastern side of South America and the Western side of Africa

4. Evidence supporting continental drift 2)Matching geological structures Mountain Ranges: -Mountain Ranges on one continent end at the coast and appear to continue on a different continent Types of rock: - Similarities between the fold and age of rocks were found on different continents

5. Evidence supporting continental drift 3) Matching Fossils: - The fossils of one species were found on two separate continents. - Of these the most important was a freshwater reptile found in Africa and South America(it would not be able to cross the ocean)

6. Evidence supporting continental drift 3) Paleoglaciation: When glaciers move forward or retreat they leave u-shaped valleys in the earth. -Many of these were found in tropical parts of Africa and South America : These places are now found in the tropics where glaciers would not form -The pattern of the glaciers on these continent only make sense if the continents were together at some point

7. Layers of the Earth

9. Layer of the Earth

10. Layers of the Earth

11. Crust: Outer most layer. Made of solid brittle rock Lithosphere: Contains the crust and the uppermost mantle. Made up of the tectonic plates

12. Layers of the Earth Crust: Outer most layer. Made of solid brittle rock Lithosphere: Contains the crust and the uppermost mantle. Made up of the tectonic plates Athenosphere: found above the upper mantle. Made up of partly molten rock Mantle: the thickest layer on the earth. Broken into two parts upper and lower

13. Layers of the Earth Crust: Outer most layer. Made of solid brittle rock Lithosphere: Contains the crust and the uppermost mantle. Made up of the tectonic plates Athenosphere: found above the upper mantle. Made up of partly molten rock Mantle: the thickest layer on the earth. Broken into two parts upper and lower Upper Mantle: Made of partly molten rock containing Fe and Mg (lava the consistency of toothpaste) Lower Mantle: Solid dense material also containing Mg and Fe

14. Layers of the Earth Outer Core: A liquid made mainly from iron and nickel Inner Core: A solid mixture of mainly iron and nickel at 5000 – 6000 C. The high pressure makes it solid